| 196 RADIOLOGICAL CLEANUP OF ENEWETAK ATOLL The individual was decontaminated if skin contamination exceeded 200 disintegrations per minute (dpm) alpha per 100 square centimeters at contact, or 400 dpm beta per 15 square centimeters at 1 inch. Equipment released to a clean area for any reason required decontamination if it exceeded limits based on draft American National Standards Institute (ANSI) Standard N328-1976, as amended by DOE-Nevada Operations Office (DOE-NV), i.e.: a. Alpha: 1000 dmp/100 square centimeters fixed, or 20 dpm/1!00 square centimeters removable. b. Beta: 5000 dpm/100 square centimeters fixed, or 200 dpm/100 square centimeters removable. c. Gamma: 15 wR/hr. Because of the potential for contamination, a laundryfacility for cleaning washable personnelprotective equipment wasbuilt at Lojwa. Thisfacility, operated by the USAE undersupervision of the FRST, had holding tanks and provisions for ait and waste water sampling. FCRR SOP 608-10, Decontamination Laundry Procedures, 2 July 1978, provided detailed guidance on the operation and monitoring ofthis facility. Radiation measurement, in itself, does not reduce exposure or contamination. Rather, it provides data which may be used to determine the requirements for preventive or remedial action. Such measures include monitoring, dosimetry, air sampling, and bioassay. Each is discussed in the following paragraphs. Monitoring of personnel, vehicles and equipment was used to determine the extent of decontamination required, if any, upon exit from a controlled area as described above. Monitoring also was used to document the clean status of equipment released for general use and retrograded from the atoll. Personnel dosimetry is the means by which the beta/gamma dose to which an individual has been exposed may be determined. At Enewetak, the primary dosimetric device—as prescribed by AR 40-14—wasthe film badge, issued and evaluated by the U.S. Army Lexington-Blue Grass Depot Activity (LBDA). The film badge program was administered in accordance with AR 40-14, and the dosimetry results were recorded on DD Form 1141. Initially, visitors to the atoll who toured radiologically controlled islands were issued self-reading pocket dosimeters which could be evaluated onatoll, instead of film badges which required weeksto process. The high heat and humidity conditions at Enewetak, combined with generally wet working conditions, damaged a considerable percentage of the film badgesin the initial months of the project. Typically, this damage was such that, if low doses had been received by the wearers, they would have been obscured by the damage. Higher dosesstill would have been