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greater than we have been able to conduct in the same period in the limited
facilities presently available to us for underground testing. Thus, by
limiting ourselves to underground testing our possible relative gains vs
the Soviets in this field are as a consequence also limited. Atmospheric
testing would relieve this limitation on the number and types of tests that
can be conducted.
In addition to the more rapid rate of progress through
atmospheric testing, it is important to note that much needed information
on effects and operational behavior of weapons systems could be gained only
through atmospheric testing. Proof tests of large yield weapons and operational
tests of entire weapons systems cannot be conducted underground. Atmospheric
tests would permit gathering important effects information relating to anti
intercontinental ballistic missiles.
In this area we do not believe that
conclusive information can be gained through underground tests alone.
Important weapons developments necessitating large yield tests cannot be achieved
in the present state of technology with underground tests."
On 15 November Gen. Betts sent a memorandum to Chairman Seaborg on the subject
of the availability of sampling aircraft.
In part the letter states that it
is felt that there is sufficient B57 aircraft with the low altitude capability
to meet those needs. However, the BS7D aircraft which are the only available
sampler aircraft to meet our high altitude sampling needs are in a marginal
status as to the number of aircraft to meet our requirements. There are in
fact 4 B57D's available to the AEC but in fact only 3 of these are useable.
There are 13 other B57D's in the Air Force inventory and the following is
true of these:
''4 are assigned to the Air Defense Command for a high priority
mission, 6 are in Europe extensively modified for a high priority mission
there, and 3 are assigned to the Air Force Systems Command. The 3 assigned
to Systems Command might be available, providing they have not been modified
to the extent they are unsuitabie for sampling purposes. A determination
would have to be made, of course, of the relative priority our mission vs.
that to which they are assigned in the event we require more than the 3
BS7D's now on hand.'' It is thus clear that there is some question as of
November 15 as to the readiness of the Air Force to meet the AEC's atmospheric
test sampling needs.
A lengthy TWX dated 14 November from ALO to Gen. Betts with info copies to
the labs is a preliminary coverage of the meeting in Albuquerque of 13
November attended by the principals from the various tabs as well as
Gen. Betts and others on the subject of atmospheric test resumption. The
TWX contains a lengthy event list from each lab, LASL listing 15 events plus
certain specific statements concerning the conduct of these events, and LRL

lists about 26 different events as well as the specifics of their position
relating to atmospheric testing. Various other details of the test site
requirements, diagnostic requirements, etc., are contained in this TWX
as well as a listing of the desired DoD program which includes 3 detonations
in the Fishbowl series including Starfish at 400 kilometers,

Kingfish

and Biveaill,

as well as one near surface

the alternative of Johnston and Hilo.

“i

shot at the NTS which is titled Small Boy. As to a choice of test sites the
sites to be considered in order of desirablity are first, Enivetok/Bikini
second Christmas Island.and third Johnston Island and/or Hilo.
It is noted
that the concensus shows that politically Eniwetok and Bikini are essentially
not feasible and that planning should be directed to Christmas Island with

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