Language: English Under laboratory conditions a study of surveyinstrument response to fission-product activity was made. Fission-product activity was collected on aluminum plaques which were flown through the radioactive cloud following each of four bursts. The response of various types of commercially available G-M counters and ion-chamber counters to yj fissionproduct beta-ray and gamma-ray fields was studied Gamma-ray energies were determined by half-valuelayer absorption measurements using narrow-beam geometric. In addition to the laboratory measurements, field determinations of residual gamma-ray energy were made in the vicinity of ground zero following Dog and Easy Shots. Changes in beta-ray energy were studied for the period from 44.6 to 215.7 hr. It was found that the beta-ray absorption curve could be reproduced by a high-energy and low-energy component of beta radiation. For early times the two components were 1.54 and 0.5 Mev, respectively, and approached a relatively constant value of about 1.41 and 0.5 Mev after 4 days. The ratio of beta dose to gamma dose on the surface of the plaques was measured for Dog and Item Shots and was found to be 156 and 157, respectively. Laboratory determination of effective gamma-ray energies using half-value-layer measurements by means of aluminum, copper, and lead filters showed the energy to be dependent upon the absorber used. (auth) Descriptors: ABSORPTION; ALUMINUM; BEAMS; BETA PARTICLES; COPPER; ENERGY; ENERGY RANGE; FALLOUT; FILTERS; FISSION PRODUCTS; GAMMA RADIATION; GEIGER-MUELLER COUNTERS; INSTRUMENTS; IONIZATION CHAMBERS; LEAD; MEASURED VALUES; MONITORING; NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; PROJECT GREENHOUSE; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RADIATION DETECTORS; RADIATION DOSES; RADIOACTIVITY; SAMPLING Subject Codes (NSA): HEALTH AND SAFETY 10/5/208 (Item 208 from file: 109) 112154 NSA-13-018816 PROBLEMS OF THE RADIATION SICKNESSES THE H-BOMB TEST IN HIROSHIMA AND NAGASAKI AND AFTER IN BIKINI Keim, H. Atomkernenergie (West Germany) Merged with Kerntechnik to form Atomkernenerg./Kerntech. Acta Radiol. Changed to Acta Radiol.: Oncol., Radiat. Phys. vi 4, Publication Date: (1959) July-Aug. 313-22 p. Coden: ATKEA Note: 0004-7147 Journal Announcement: NSA13 Document Type: Journal Article Language: German Geographical conditions, accommodations, disregard of the warning system, and the lack of sufficient first aid may partly account for the great total losses of lives at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Due to the fact that the detonation happened at a height at 500 m the contamination of the surface did not reach a higher extent in the destroyed area. This is easily proved by the results of the first measurements. Cut of the 100,000 deaths, irradiation by the initial gamma rays accounts for about 20%. For the remaining 80% death is due to mechanical injuries and burns. The surviving injured had however, very often the acute radiation syndrome. Among the surviving population within the radius of 1500 m from the hypocenter late co om to 4 months during the time of the bombing. © effects were proved by statistics. Some 16 cases of microcephalia in un connection with low intelligence with children at a gestation age between 1 The significant raising of the leukemia rate up to ten times more than normal. Because of the wide spread © of parasitic and toxic blood diseases certain difficulties are arising with? the classification of an anemia due to a radiation late effect. Functional disturbances at the generation organs were finished 2 years later. No doubt genetic damages must be expected. However, it would be impossible to find a final judgment relating kind and frequency, especially as far as the first generation is concerned. (auth) Descriptors: AGE; ANEMIA; BIKINI; BLOOD; CONTAMINATION; DISEASES; GAMMA RADIATION; GENETICS; GONADS; HIROSHIMA; LEUKEMIA; MALFORMATIONS; MEASURED VALUES; MICROCEPHALY; NAGASAKI; NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS; PARASITES; PREGNANCY; RADIATION INJURIES; RADIATION SICKNESS; STATISTICS; SURVIVAL TIME; TOXICITY