Table 4— (Continued) Exposure control methods Reduction in exposure doses by scheduling of exposures for operations 49 Reduction in exposure doses by adjustment ofliving routines as a function of time after detonation and radiation intensity Reduction in absorbed doses to animals and humans by storage and allocation ofcontaminated foodstuffs Ingress of fallout particles into shelter spaces through openings and ventilation systems and effect on the exposure dose or on the shelter protection factor Verification of shielding provided by specially designed shelter-entryway configurations Proof tests of operational radiological-defense systems and overall effectiveness evaluations The individual project titles, as parts of the field-test fallout program for the Small Boy shot, are listed in Table 5. The projects, with a few exceptions, were very successful in meeting their individual objectives. This general success was due, first, to the detailed development of the project experimental designs on the part of the project leaders and the efforts of all the project personnel in carrying out the work and, second, to the favorable winds that carried the fallout over the established station array. It should be noted that projects involving the design and testing of sampling equipment for possible use in future programs were included in the program. Table 5—- PROJECT PARTICIPATION IN SMALL BOY SHOT FALLOUT PROGRAM Thermal measurements and fireball photography Meteorological measurements Radiological survey of the fallout area Aerial survey of the fallout area Fallout collection and gross sample analysis (onsite and offsite) Field ionization-rate measurements Long-range fallout collection and radiochemical analysis Physiochemical and radiochemical analysis of fallout samples Terrain shielding measurements and field spectra (onsite and offsite) 10. Contamination of plants 11, Ingestion of radionuclides in fallout by native animals 12. Assimilation of radionuclides in fallout by humans 13. Contamination of milk (unseheduled) 14, Proof-test of a prototype rocket-mounted collector 15. Test of a prototype fallout sampler 16. Comparison of aerial-survey instruments THEORY OF THE !INTENSITY-ACTIVITY RATIO AND THE INTENSITY-AREA INTEGRAL Known relations between the observed radiation rates and the radioactivity carried by fallout particles spread over real (open) terrain are required to evaluate radioactive-material balances and