48 Table 3— (Continued) Response factors for radiation detecting instruments Area radiation-contribution factors for discontinuous source geometries and variable source intensities Skyshine-contribution factors as a function of surface roughness and source geometry Contact radiation exposures Beta dose and dose rates in air over contaminated surfaces as a function of distance from the surface Absorbed beta dose to the tissue of contaminated plants, animals, and humans Dependence of absorbed contact beta doses on meteorological factors. ex- posure times, and environmental factors (all biological species. including insects) Internal radiation-exposure parameters Biological availability of individual radionuclides as a functionof particle size Foliar absorption of radionuclides by edible plants or plant parts as a function of particle diameter Uptake rate of radionuclides by edible plants grown on tilled and untilled soils as a function of particle diameter or location, plant growth rates, soil type. and climatic variables Ingestion and assimilation rates of radionuclides by tissues of animals and radionuclide concentrations in animal tissues and food products from animals fed with contaminated plant parts and water obtained from different locations in the fallout area Absorbed doses to plants, nuclides (all intake paths) animals, and humans from ingestion of radio- Table 4— ALTERATION OF EXPOSURE ENVIRONMENTS BY RADIOLOGICAL COUNTERMEASURES Attenuation of gamma-ray intensities Shelter protection factors as a function of wall materials and thickness. radiation-source geometry, and compartment size, shape, and location in building Attenuation by barriers as a function of barrier height and thickness and other geometric parameters, such as the distance from barrier or the dimensions of area enclosed by the barrier Attenuation by burial of the fallout particles by covering them with soil or by plowing (i.e., mixing the fallout with soil to various depths) land areas Decontamination Effectiveness of the removal of fallout particles from contaminated surfaces as a function of the method and its procedural parameters, particle diam- eter of the fallout, surface density of the fallout, weathering, type of surface, and effort applied Disposal of fallout particles removed by decontamination Exposure dose to decontamination crews during decontamination operations as a function of the type of area that is cleaned, the operation schedule, and the methods of decontamination Effectiveness of water purification methods in the removal of soluble radio- nuclides and fallout particles from exposed water sources Effectiveness of food processing and treatment methods in the removal of soluble radionuclides from contaminated food products (i.e., milk decon- tamination, removal of particles from grains in threshing and milling, desorption of radionuclides from vegetables into water, etc.) (Table 4 continues on page 49)