SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS OF RADIOACTIVE AEROSOLS

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tems for the meaSurement of absolute concentrations of atmospheric
radioactivity. Previous impactor—filter studies have provided some
results on the total beta-activity distribution'* and limited data or

the “Sr and “‘Ce distributions’ as a function of particle size. Balloor

flights were made in 1960 over Minneapolis, Minn. (45°N 93°W), anc

in 1961 over Hyderabad, India (17°N 79°E), and stratospheric aerosols

were

collected over specific altitude intervals up to about 30 km, At

least 60% of the total beta activity was found to be associated witt

particles of 0.02 to 0.15 uw in radius up to about 27 km, andat leas!

60% was found on particles smaller than 0.02 u in radius in the altitude
range of 27 to 30 km. From a number of constant-'=vel balloon flights.

with each balloon having a pair of filter samplers with one operating
at a different velocity from the other, and a few flights with a twostage cascade impactor’ at altitudes ranging from 18 to 27 km during
1959,

mean particle sizes

of radioactive debris were calculated or

the basis of total beta activity and found to be roughly in the range oi
0.02 to 0.05 Hin radius. There were, however, large variations from
this range, and these values should be regarded as tentative.
Our report presents the results of the four balloon flights conducted over Minneapolis, Minn., during 1962 and 1963 for the collection of radioactive particulates specifically for the determination ol
size and vertical distributions of selected individual fission products

over the altitude range of 9 to 30 km. This study is a continuation oi
the impactor—filter studies initiated earlier, which are described by
Drevinsky

and Martell.’ All samples were analyzed for total betz

activity, Sr, and ‘4Ce. The 1963 samples were also analyzed fox

total gamma activity, “Mn, and Zr. Some data were obtained for
40R, in 1962 samples. Individual radionuclide concentrations anc
activity ratios are reported. A discussion is given of the significance
of our findings with respect to the question of chemical fractionatior
of measured fission products in stratospheric aerosols that were
‘collected from severa! days to about 240 days after a megaton-~range
atmospheric nuclear test. Further analysis of our datais in progress.

EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES
Sampling
The balloon-borne sampling system consisted of four largevolume impactor—filter samplers, which had been designed and cali-

brated in cooperation with General Mills, Inc. (GMI).** The system
*Now Atmospheric and Aerosol Physics Research Section, Applied Science
Division, Litton Systems, Inc., St. Paul. Minn.

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