None of the variations examined are surprising except, perhaps, for the
large range that occurs due to variations in the parameters of the lung
model.

However,

the biggest variations are due

to

translocation class,

and it is generally acknowledged the plutonium-bearing particles at NTS
fall into the year translocation class.

INTRODUCTION

In previous publications (Martin and Bloom, 1976; 1977), we presencred
models that attempt to characterize the general behavior of plutonium in
a typical ecosystem at the NTS.
The purpose of these models was to
estimate the transport and accumulation of plutonium in the ecosystem
and to provide a basis for estimating the radiation dose from 233pu that
might be received by a hypothetical man who resides in and obtains most
of his food from this ecosystem.
The major transport pathways considered
in these models are shown in Figure 1.
The large square represents an
arbitrary boundary of a contaminated area.
Boxes represent the principal

ecosystem components of interest and arrows represent net transport via
the pathways indicated.

Arrows which cross the arbitrary boundary

represent net transport out of the system.

The plutonium concentration in the soil is the principal factor forcing
the transport system in Figure 1.
The soil contamination resulted from
nuclear safety tests carried out from 1954 through 1963.
Other inputs

to the system (e.g., fallout) are insignificant compared with existing

levels.
Air is contaminated by resuspension of plutonium-bearing soil
particles.
Vegetation is contaminated internally by root uptake from
soil and externally by deposition of resuspended particles.
Plutonium
input to herbivores is due to ingestion of soil and vegetation and to
inhalation.
Plutonium could reach man by inhalation of contaminated
air, by accidental ingestion of contaminated soil, and by ingestion of

milk or meat (skeletal muscle or internal organs) from animals raised in
the contaminated area.
Drinking water for herbivores and man is assumed
to come from deep wells or from sources outside the contaminated area
and to contribute nothing to plutonium intakes by herbivores or by man.

One of the major applications of the models developed on the bases of
Figure 1 is to estimate whether and to what extent environmental decontamination might be required to limit or reduce potential health hazards
to man from the plutonium at NTS.
In previous publications (Martin and
Bloom, 1976; 1977), we concluded that the principal exposure pathway for
233pu to man is via inhalation and the critical organs in terms of
radiation dose are lungs and bone.
It was estimated that inhalation
accounts ror 100 percent of the plutonium that reaches the lungs and 95
percent of the plutonium that reaches bone, liver, and kidney.
Table 1
(Martin and Bloom, 1977) indicates that ingestion could be significant
at ratios of ingestion to inhalation in excess of 400.
However, the

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