ALL Concerned -9- duly 16, 1953 there ever were ofTons and further tests are planned. (The work onMMBEBby the rete firing group has meant that there has not been rnch recent work on Rala shots. However, Dr. MacDougall ceid that Tos Alanos is still interested in Rela and that they have a nunber of Pala ehots in mind that will take at least two years to carry out.) Test Cperations Dr. Graves said that four of the UPSHOT tests geve radioactive fallout, end these rere tower shots, Cumulative infinite doses in populated areas were calculated, in some of the highest cases, to be 6 roontgens at Rockville (pop. 300), 7.7 roentgens at Hurricane (pop. 1500), 12 to. 15 roentgens at Riverside Cabins (pop. 1), and 7 roentgens at Crystal (pop. 7). Some cows died fron what may have been a combination of starvation and radiation. Some sheep died that were near starvation and appeared to have burns of sone kind around the mouth and nose. Sons . horses were blinded, apparently either because they were looking at the-" Lire ball or because of beta radiation from radioactive material caught in their eyes. “ There has been no fallout problen for any airburst snot to date. Howe ever, for some experinents it is essential to do tower shots. In future tests in Hevada, it is planned to try 500-foot towers instead of the 330-foot towers used at UPSHOT. In a series where there are fewer tests than in YPSHOT, it would be possible to wait for more nearly ideal wind conditions each time. Towever, the wind sometires shifts at the lsst mimite and, in one case, srifted adversely after the shot had been fired. It may be desirable to Minit tower su.ots to 35 kilotons, while airbursts of up to 100 kilotons may be handled satisfactorily. At fniwetok, there is also a fallout problez, not only in rerard to the atoll itself but also in rezard to the 30,000 natives livins on various islands to the south. The cost of tests at Mmivwetok is creater by about a factor of three then tests in Nevada. The nunber of people for an Fniwetok series is about 9000, consared with around 2000 in Nevada. The tine revaired for preparation and for an operation at Fnivetok is about Sc rontns, compared with es little as 3 months in Neveda. In the CASTLE operation, four shots will be fired at Eikini first: one on en island to the northwest of the atoll, tro on berces in the north cf the la-oon, and one on en islend to the south, in thet order. Then, tivo shots will be fired at Eniwetok: one on the island to the northcast were tne GRIIITCUSE George snot wes fired and the other en a barge in the crater of the IVY idke snote