82 RADIOLOGICAL CLEANUP OF ENEWETAK ATOLL normally cannot directly let construction contracts financed by MILCON funds but must go through the military construction agencies; e.g., the NavalFacilities Engineering Command or the Army Corps of Engineers. Therefore, DNA planned to have the Pacific Ocean Division (POD) ofthe Corps of Engineers accomplish the actual contracting, including design, preparation, award of the contract, and monitoring of the contractor’s performance. As the using agency, or client, for whom the work would be done, DNA was to furnish basic concepts for accomplishing and supporting the cleanup project. Responsibility for developing these concepts was assigned to DMA’s operational element, Field Command, DNA. Field Command, DNA, a joint service organization located in Albuquerque, New Mexico, was commanded in 1974 by Rear AdmiralL. V. Swanson, USN. In addition to being responsible for developing cleanup concepts, Field Command was tasked to assume the responsibility for operation and maintenance of the base camp at Enewetak Atoll, effective 1 January 1974. Field Command’s Logistics Directorate, under Colonel! Alan C. Esser, USA, was assigned primary staff responsibility for both efforts. On 23-25 January 1974, representatives from DNA’s Headquarters and Field Command traveled to Enewetak Atoll to inspect base camp operations and maintenance and to confer with POD officials on cleanup project concepts. Major General John McEnery, USA, Deputy Director See EEL for Operations and Administration, DNA, headed the conference, which included Mr. Earl Eagles, of DNA; COL Esser, Lieutenant Colonel Donald B. Hente, USAF, and Mr. David Wilson, of Field Command; CommanderFritz Wolff, of AEC Headquarters; Mr Roger Ray, of AEC- NV; Mr. Harry Brown, of DOI; Colonel John Hughes, USA, of POD, and Mr. Earl Gilmore, of H&N. While radiological planning awaited several key decisions, the conference established several basic concepts for base camp rehabilitation and noncontaminated cleanup including:®’ a. A Joint Task Group (JTG) would be formed to coordinate and control the cleanup operation. b. A temporary base camp would beestablished in the northern islands to support cleanup in that area and reduce transportation time and requirements. c. Costs would be reduced by using existing military equipment. d. There would be only one contractor at Enewetak who would operate the base camp as well as accomplis e actual clean the Engineering Study. e. POD would serve as contracting office for the cleanup contract. f. DOI would have POD contract for their rehabilitation program, possibly using the same contractor as DOD usedfor cleanup. Planning and Programming 83 Subsequent Congressional actions precluded use of a contractor for the cleanup itself; however, the first three concepts remained valid throughout subsequent cleanup planning. On 30 January 1974, Field Command formed the Field Command Planning Group of civil engineering, finance, and supply and services experts to develop concept plans, cost estimates, and MILCON program documents for the cleanup project.88 Major Earl Kinstey, USAF, of AFWL, who had been the radiological safety officer for the PACE program and who had participated in the radiological cleanup at Palomares, Spain, served as radiological advisor to the Field Command Planning.Group until his retirement when he was replaced by Dr. E. T. Bramlitt of Field Command. The group’s first planning effort was to develop plans and recommendations based on the January !974 conference at Enewetak. They included the proposed manning for a JTG staff, some of whom would be assigned on a 3- to 4-year permanent changeof station (PCS) basis to Hawaii and work at Enewetak on a rotational temporary duty (TDY) basis to provide engineering and management continuity. Had other planning and funding efforts remained on schedule, this PCS group would have initiated and completed the entire cleanup project. The concept later was dropped when funding problems made it difficult to implement. The group also recommended that Field Command be delegated responsibility and authority at the earliest moment to manage the cleanup project and to coordinate with POD on project definition and base camp rehabilitation.8? Headquarters, DNA did not accept that recommendation in its entirety;?9 however, Field Command was subsequently assigned responsibility for operational management of the cleanup project. ?! During the 2d session of the 93d Congress, Headquarters, DNA continued its efforts to obtain authorization and appropriation, with hearings before committees of both Houses.92.93.94,95.96 At the same time, work was progressing on devetopment of the EIS. THE DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT: APRIL-SEPTEMBER 1974 The NEPA requires that an Elo be prepared for any niyor acuion which significantly affects the quality of the human environment.’’ The act covers not only actions which might have adverse effects but also those intended to have beneficial effects, such as the cleanup, rehabilitation, and resettlement of Enewetak Atoll. DNA assumed the responsibility for preparation of an EIS which covered not only the cleanup project but also