RADIOLOGICAL CLEANUP OF ENEWETAK ATOLL 78 | Planning and Programming checks be made of the people and environment to assure that exposure criteria were not being approached or exceeded. Master Plan had been based on the dri-Enjebi returning to their homeisland. Further details of the ftnal Master Plan are contained in Chapter10. Information obtained from the meetings with the dri-Enewetak, plus data from the Engineering Study and from preliminary results of the Radiological Survey, was enoughto begin preparing a DEIS for the project and to develop initial funding estimates. H&N was engaged by DNA to compile the DEIS, and they started work on 19 June 1973. On 21 June 1973 LTG Dunn testified before the House Subcommittee on Appropriations, seeking Fiscal Year (FY) 1974 funds to complete the planning studies and ENEWETAK ATOLL MASTER PLAN: MAY-NOVEMBER 1973 The Government agencies realized the importance of having the driEnewetak involved in every step of cleanup and rehabilitation of their homeland. On 20-23 February 1973 (the week after field work on the NVO-140 was completed), representatives from DNA, DOI, and AEC met surveys./9 A total of $270,000 was provided in FY 1974 for the EIS and results of the recent surveys and to discuss their desires. The parties met THE EXPLORATORY PROGRAM ON ENIWETOK: JUNE 1973 information for the DEIS and for funding estimates. The Master Plan was In June 1973, DNA decided to abandon the PACE II high explosive cratering program at Enewetak and sostipulated in the U.S. District Court other planning studies. in Honolulu with dri-Enewetak community council members, their attorney, and the Marshall Islands District Administrator to brief them on . ; fo to be developed by the TTPI, based on the expected results of the cleanup project and the desires of the dri-Enewetak. Conferees proposed that the people elect a Planning Council to work with TTPI in developing the i The TTPI contracted with H&N to develop the Enewetak Master Plan. Master Plan and with DNAin planning the cleanup project.§? A survey team consisting of Mr. Carleton Hawpe, TTPI architectural consultant under contract to H&N, Mr. John Stewart, of AEC, and Mr. Ken Marsh, of LLL, visited Ujelang Atoll in July 1973 to coordinate with the Enewetak Planning Council. Mr. Hawpe was engaged by H&N at the request of the dri-Enewetak. He was a Peace Corps voluntcer in the Marshall Islands, who had made his home in Majuro, and was well liked and fluent in Marshallese. Together, they covered all aspects of rehabilitation, resettlement, and development ofthe atoll. This survey, together with results of the Enewetak Engineering Survey, provided a r basis for the first draft of the Master Plan, which wasissued in Novembe 1973.68 Since the AEC’s Radiological Survey Report had not yet been completed, the draft Master Plan was based on certain assumptions final derived from preliminary results of that survey. Upon issuance ofthe proved ons assumpti the of Enewetak Radiological Survey Report, some : acter Plon’s accu motion that Enewetak Atoll could be sufficiently cleanedof all radiological hazards so that Enjebi would be safe for habitation.£? These changes in the radiological dose estimates and predictions required that the Master Plan be revised and republished in January 1975. Thus, the final Master Plan draft called for all residence to be on the southern islands, whereas the _—-_—~ ---: again at Majuro, the Marshall Islands District Center, on 2-4 May 1973, a this time with representatives of the TTPI. At this meeting, the idea of provide to proposed was ent resettlem and tion rehabilita Master Plan for ;_ 79 in Hawati. The court order preventing PACE II authorized the continuation of the PACE I geological studies, which were renamed the Exploratory Program on Eniwetok (EXPOE).?! Field studies for EXPOE began in October 1973 and included the core drilling of 46 bore holes (50-100m depth) on ten islands. The purpose was to define the near-subsurface geology of the atoll in order that preevent geologic models could be madeat each of the six nuclear crater sites. In addition, seismic refraction profiles were conducted on the same islandsto define seismic velocities. Also in the program approved by the District Court was a 40-foot, cylindrical, high explosive, in situ test, which was conducted at the PACE test bed on Aomon to provide dynamic material properties of the PACE media. Several miles of over-water seismic reflection profiles also were conducted during EXPOE. These over-water seismic studies centered on the three high-yield nuclear craters (Oak. 9 megatons; Mike, 10.4 megatons; and Koa, 1.37 megatons) and provided significant information concerning the subsurface morphology of the craters. In addition to the EXPOEfield studies, a comprehensive search was conducted of old photos, films, drawings, etc., to define the exact crater dimensions, device emplacement details, device yield and performance details, and ejecta and debris distribution for the cratering events 72 Several significant studics were conducted in support of the PACE and EXPOE programs. These additional studies included: soil and water surveys in the northern part of the atoll for radioactive debris location and characterization; analysis of previous studies on cratering and testing in general; flora and fauna ecological studies; and identification of water-well