PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDER 12088, FEDERAL COMPLIANCE WITH POLLUTION CONTROL STANDARDS (1978) This order requires the head of each executive agency to take actions for the prevention, control, and abatement of environmental pollution with respect to federal facilities and activities. This directive covers toxic substances, water pollution, drinking water, air emissions, noise, solid waste, radiation, ocean dumping, pesticides, and other biocides. MIGRATORY BIRD TREATY ACT AND MARINE MAMMAL PROTECTION ACT Although these acts may presently apply to Bikini, none of the cleanup options will probably affect marine mammals covered by the Acts. Some alternatives (topping, excavation, transfer of soil to another islet) will result in removal of trees and shrubs and could affect some seabird nesting habitat. Coordination with the US Fish and Wildlife Service will identify measures, if any, to comply with migratory bird treaties and acts. PRESIDENTIAL EXECUTIVE ORDER 12114, ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ABROAD OF MAJOR FEDERAL ACTIONS (1979) This order does not presently apply to Bikini which is a part of the U.S. ‘administered Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. However, ratification of the Compact may render the order applicable to federal actions in the Republic of the Marshall Islands. If applicable, this executive order would require the federal (executive branch) agency to comply with applicable US or host country environmental laws and regulations, whichever are more stringent. CLEAN AIR ACT Bikini Atoll (and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) is not a “State" as technically defined in the Act and is therefore outside the Jurisdiction of the Clean Air Act. RESOURCE CONSERVATION AND RECOVERY ACT Although the Act applies to the Trust Territory, none of the proposed rehabilitation options will involve the handling of hazardous wastes as defined and listed in the Act. However, any actions to remove or dispose of oil and explosives contained in the lagoon shipwrecks may require coordination with EPA and/or permits in accordance with the Act. 3. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING AT BIKINI ATOLL A. INTRODUCTION. The main Committee report (1984), Appendix “A" on geology, oceanography and hydrology by Peterson and Maragos, Appendix “B“ on soil and vegetation by Stone and Robison, Appendix “C" on the shipwrecks by Kubo, and Appendix “"D" on dosimetry by Kohn and Robison contain considerable information on the history, geography, physiography, geology, hydrology, oceanography, soils, vegetation, and dosimetry of Bikini Atoll. Rather than duplicate most of this information, it is incorporated by reference into this environmental report, and description of the existing environment at Bikini is limited only to a brief description of the resources that would be affected by one or more of the proposed alternatives. . S000131 co