Table 2 Major Diagnoses Diagnosis Essential hypertension* Unexposed Rongelap Utirik Exposed Rongelap No. cases Percent No. cases Percent No. cases Percent -_ 1 —_ — CO Arteriosclerotic heart disease Cerebral arteriosclerosis Bronchiectasis Emphysema Cancer Tertiary syphilis Primary yaws Pulmonary tuberculosis G.I. parasites il 3 1 1 Congenital abnormalities (all types} om I Asthma Osteoarthritis Rheumatic heart disease 8 7 95 Total examined 13 2 6 1 10 2** 1 I 9 2 4 ] 7 2 1 1 1 13 4 8 1 9 3 5 144 7 7 1 1 ! 1 I 1 10 11 5 2 bs) 2 93 *Defined as systolic 140 mm Hgordiastolic 100 mm Hg, **Orbital tumor, type unknown; basalcell skin carcinoma. Table 3 Congenital Abnormalities Diagnosis Umbilical hernia Shortening 5th finger Shortening 5th metacarpal Absence carpal bones Polydactylism Flexion deformity finger Congenital deformity leg Anomaly feet Palatal anomaly Tongue tied Asymmetry of face Thyroglossal cyst Cretin (athyreatic) Congenital nystagmus Pigmentation cornea Absencetesticle Adrenogenital syndrome Congenital heart disease No. in radiated group 1 3 No. in control group No. in Utirik group sented for the irradiated Rongelap children and the unirradiated Marshallese children. (The Utirik children are included in the unirradiated group.) Table 4 shows the mean height and weight for the exposed and unexposedchildren of different ages. The mean values for the weight and height, for the most part, wereslightly lower in the exposed children, male and female, from about 4 through about 10 years of age. The numbers of children are too small for satisfactory statistical analysis. Recently a carefully standardized series of studies of the left wrist (which has been found to be a reliable index ofskeletal age) in children of various ages has been published.° All x-rays of the wrists of the Marshallese children were comparedto this standard,* which was obtained from studies of white American children of Northern European extraction. In Figure 4 the bone ages of the Marshallese are compared with the published standards. General retardation may be noted in skeletal maturation in the irradiated *Weare indebted to Dr. Leo Lusted of the National Institutes of Health for analyzing the x-rays for bone development.