possibly was related to their previous dramatic experience with epilation. The Marshallese appeared to haveverylittle neurosis or psychosis. One young manin the un- irradiated group had been diagnosed as having schizophrenia but only occasionally did he cause trouble. The living conditions of the people weresatisfactory. They were furnished sufficient food and their quarters were comfortable. The second phaseof the survey at Utirik Island showedthatthe general health of the Utirik people appeared to have been good during the previous three years. There had been five deaths in the group. The causes of the deaths could notbeascertained because of the inexperienceof the health aides. As with manyotherreports of death in the Marshallese records, the cause “old age” was about all that could be obtained. Physical Findings The people both in the exposed and in the unexposed groups appeared to be generally in good physical condition and in a satisfactory state of nutrition. In Table | are listed the average values with standard deviations of height and weightof individuals from age 20 to 50 (including the Utirik group). A somewhatgreater weight of the Utirik female is significant ( Utirik versus unirradiated Rongelap, P<0.05). The cause for this difference is not apparent. The low standard deviation of heights for both sexes suggests considerable homogeneity in these populations. Height and weight in the children will be described below under growth and developmentstudies. In Table 2 are listed the major diagnosesfor all these groups. In general, no diseases appearto be associated with radiation exposure in the Rongelap people. Major diseases are as prevalentin the unirradiated group as in the irradiated group. No increase in degenerative diseases and no malignancyin the irradiated Rongelap people wasevi- dent. Extensive dental caries was presentin all the Marshallese, related largely to poor oral hygiene. The incidence of congenital abnormalities (Table 2) seems unusually high. The exact nature of the abnormalitiesis listed in Table 3. Only in the case of congenital shortening of the fifth metacarpal was a definite familial pattern apparent. With only these four cases, however, the Table | Mean Height and Weight in Adults (20 to 50 years old) Height,in. Weight,Ib Males Rongelap Unexposed Rongelap Utirik 63.442.8 64.141.8 63.9+2.1 137215.8 1404 22.9 137+19.5 Females Rongelap Unexposed Rongelap 99.9=1.5 60.0+2.2 114+18 1h1424 Utirik 59.61.7 132421 manner of inheritance was not clear except that it is not a simple Mendelian dominant. Ofgeneral interest was the absence of peptic ulcer. The director of the hospital at Majurofelt that peptic ulcer was almost unknown in the Marshallese. Comparedto an incidence throughoutlife in the American populace estimated at 6%,this is an unusual finding. Perhaps the tranquillife without responsibilities and without the pressures of modern living exerts a favorable influence in thisregard. Landis the only real wealth in these islands, and a complex system of matrilineal inheritance engendersfeelings of security, since every Marshallese is assured rights to enoughland to provide adequate food.* Electrocardiograms were taken on individuals for whom it appeared indicated and on all persons over the age of 40. Results showed an unsuspected stereotype amongtracings other than those called abnormal - more so than one would expect to see in as random a sampling in the U.S.; and a general age appearanceofthe normal tracings younger than expected. From the magnitude and direction of the T vector one would expect most of these people to be 30 to 40 years of age, and none of them seemedelderly.* The young appearance of the ECG’sis in contrast to the physical impression that these people age quickly. Growth and Development Longitudinal studies of anthropometric data have not been completely analyzed and will not be presented at this time. Cross-sectional data for height, weight, and bone developmentare pre- *Dr. Robert Grant of the National Institutes of Health generously interpreted the tracings.