The types of buildings in these areas are also important because of the shelter they might afford from both immediateeffects and fallout. In Washington, although the survey by the District of Columbia is incomplete, there would seem to be adequate shelter space in reinforced-concrete and steel-frame buildings within 4 miles of the Ellipse, based on the fact that recent civil defense tests have revealed no overcrowding in the designated shelter areas. Outside this 4-mile circle the amount of shelter space in buildings of these types is clearly inadequate. Table 2 lists the number of people who could be accommodated in of the city. In every case there is a deficiency of space for the numbers of persons in the area both during the day and night. The deficiency is somewhat less severe in the northwest quadrant, with its many multistoried steel-frame and reinforced-concrete apartment buildings. No shelter survey has been completed in adjacent suburbanareas. TABLE 2 SHevtTerR Capactry Now AVAILABLE BETWEEN 4 MILES FROM THE CENTER OF WASHINGTON AND THE District LINE Quadrant NW NE SE Sw Population Day | Night 62,471 37,370 35,795 3,031 83,391 62,489 75,968 7,325 Shelter deficiency Day ) Night Shelter capacity* 45,376 6,462 1,391 400 17,095 30,908 34,404 2,631 38,015 56,027 74,577 6,925 “Based on rcepa standards for Category I and II shelter. On the basis of the study of land use and the existing shelter surveys, it would seem that in the Washington target shelter of all grades diminishes as distance from the city’s center increases. Similar studies have not been made of the other target cities. However, aerial photographs of these cities indicate that multistoried buildings tend to be clustered near the population center of the city, with construction of all kinds giving way to forested and cleared areas as distance from the city’s center increases. ROAD NETWORK Figure 2 shows the numberoftraffic lanes leaving the 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-mile circles in the Washington target. Not only does the number of lanes diminish (from 149 to 101) but the quality of the roads (in terms of width, alignment, etc.) also diminishes as dis- tance from the city’s center increases. This tendency for the numberof traffic lanes to diminish as distance from the center of population increases holds true for all the other targets studied except San Francisco.* There are, however, marked differences from one target to another in the ratio of available traffic lanes to the population that they must *The Bay area does not conform to the other city patterns in many respects. The road network be~tween the two population centers of San Francisco and Oakland, although severely limited in numbers of lanes, is constant. 16 ORO-—R-17 (App B) my r “ee existing approved shelter between the 4-mile circle and the District line in the four quadrants