ENG-T-AL.. It was thought that heads of government might provide a desirable target for the enemy under some attack conditions. In order to discover whether or not there might be some separate aiming pointif such people were the target, the nighttime location of Senators, Representatives, and heads of executive agencies was plotted. It was found that this special group was distributed among the population at large, although there was a greater tendencyto live closer to the center of population. No separate aiming point emerged. INDUSTRY AS A TARGET we eee — Figures 3 to 7 also show the point at which a 10-Mt attack could inflict maximum dam- age on “‘manufacturing value added”in the five targets containing appreciable industry (see App A of this report).4 In all except San Francisco the aiming point for the destruction of industry and that for inflicting maximum casualties on population tend to coincide. San Francisco, in addition to a separate center of manufacturing, has two population ‘best aiming points.’”?’ Washington contains no appreciable industry; however, the center of population and the center of the government-building group nearly coincide. AIMING POINTS WITHIN URBAN COMPLEXES On the basis of the information gathered, only one of the six targets considered, San Francisco, exhibits more than one optimum aiming point as a function of enemy intentions to destroy nighttime or daytime populations, special groups within the population, or industry. 100 yl 80 T l J Populated areas 7 zWw f Open fields uw o wi i 2 | 40 ~ | < ts a 7” o_o on -= ‘ —_ a! 20 -_ 0 I 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 DISTANCE FROM ELLIPSE, MILES Fig. 8 — Percentage Developed, Wooded, and Cleared Land in Washington Target LAND USE Figure 8 shows, for Washington, radially outward from the Ellipse by 2-mile zones, the percentage of land that is developed, cleared, and wooded. It is clear that developed areas that could provide shelter from both the initial and fallout hazards of atomic weapons begin to drop off sharply at about 8 miles. ORO-R-17 (App B) , t i i 15 CONFIDENTIAL