Page Eight

Jonathan Weisgal}

January 21, 1982

such as tuna and mackerel, the roof fish inhabit specific niches
in the atoll's lagoon, and the student was studying the interplay
between fish niche and fish community in Pacific atolls.
.
There are two studies of fish population at Bikini, both of
which are relevant here. Those studies by Leonard P. Schultz are
titled "The Biology of Bikini Atol] With Special Reference to the

Fishes" (Smithsonian Institution Annual Reports for 1947: 301-16,
Washington, D.C., GPO, 1948) and "Fishes of the Marshall and Mariana

Islands" (U.S. National Museum Bulletin 202, Washington, D.C., 1953).
In the 1953 study, Schultz states that “In the biological cycling
of materials there is not only an abundance of organisms but also
@ wide variety of species--some 700 among the fishes alone--so that

whatever is not utilized by one isquicklytaken by another."

(Quoted

from Jack Tobin's doctoral dissertation, "The Resettlement of the

Enewetak People: A Study of a Displaced Community in the Marshall
Islands," 1967, University of California at Berkeley, page 54.)

While on Utirik between the years 1975 and 1977, I recall that
the islanders regularly ate between 30 and 40 different species of
roof fish.

Many of these fish--like the parrotfish--subsist by

eating coral, and it is my guess that certain radionuclides (e.g.,
strontium-90) probably got recycled in the man-environment foodchain
complex. If this hypothesis is correct, the Marshallese are in
trouble: no lesssthan one-third of all the fish I ate for two years
on Utirik were parrotfish, and many of the others were likewise coraleaters.

In this regard, I direct you to a study of ocosystem contamination
at Bikini and Enewetak by researchers from the fish laboratory at
the University of Washington at Seattle. This study is titled:

“Polonium-210 and plutonium-239, plutonium-240 in the biological and

water samples from the Bikini and Enewetak atolls," and appears in
Nature, volume 255, May 22, 1975, pp. 321-23. It is rather curious
why the researchers of this study--who were funded by the DOE-restricted their analysis to only the aforementioned isotopes, while
they completely ignored cesium-137, strontium-90, cobalt-60,
americium-241, etc. The authors did mention, however, that "The
overall result indicates that inside the lagoon the radioactivity

values of plutonium were more variable than those of polonium-210

(page 323, emphasis added)." This statement leads me to suspect
that we are still shooting in the dark when we discuss possible
radionuclide uptake for the people of Bikini, should they decide to
return home.
"5S, Restrictions on access to Bikini and compliance with
prescribed diet. Your experiences in the Marshall Islands would
be useful in this regard."
Response: While in the Marshalls early last year as a consultant
for the Marshall Islands Litigation Project, I interviewed several
people from Utirik who recounted their experiences after their

evacuation following the 1954 "Bravo" hydrogen test.

Most of the

people from Utirik told me how they were instructed not to eat the
local foods from Utirik when they returned home after their threemonth evacuation to Kwajalein. The following excerpt from an

OO

(cont'd.)

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