4 oa ' St i Na ek See on ae” ‘ ceo me acdel 2 oe ar . co, eo. 7” rt . con aa at - : ‘ 4 oP ead ‘ ' hae 3 - + TERAL CONSIDERSTIONS The efnets of ready: : depestiec. ia hvime cefe, Gssues, end oriveisnta are considered te resice alrrost entirely in the ionraing radianon produced Wars gre Lueawdis Of tery fete specific actiits. @@., natural uranium and theron, chemical toxicity men ple: a significant role. Except inidesialh, ibis ‘5 not pertinept hers Lbers are a few very pugzzhog circunuisiances, og. the low Carona gemioy of radon gas in ammmals (19) ecippared to the nign carcinogerw.s uf some ctner alpha-eniuiters aiter inhalation, which tempt introduction of 2 © Shotucal eTeet vor the more effective nuclide. Another exerple is thor aed oy Mosiates (6G) oseercingnuclides such as 8°Co, 29Fe. **Za, 3°s J viren rooresent unalugs of stable clements aormally pve bisoanvhs £2. tunts the mikreduosam. is Of radiguion Sources ft tissuis $a hi cove. nPes that there is no chance for discrepancies such as those mentionedto he acceunie for by -ariations in che energy deposition pattern in time and space. radiation e‘fects (including recoil and excitation energy) will be assumed ‘o be suftcent except for low specific activities, presence of carrier, etc. Thus tee chemical properties of the nuclide and its compounds enter primarily as determinants of sub-cellutar, cellular, and tissue localization. These, in turn. contrei biolozical vitects te a large extent hv determining the distribution of rad’a:ion dose bh microscopically and mecroscopically., Toxicology of radionuclides cesri.g 2 commonality of ultimate effect with sources usually external to the body such as X, +, and neutron radiation, is thus idiosyncratic. Acute effects of derosited radionuclides are similar to the acute radinitn syidrenic (20) secon tab external sources, pirticularly whh nuclides ho. rot Rieth. localized. All dividing cells, and therefore the tissues in which + ~ reside. may be affected wrerely and the patncnog? os Geriscd tor, atear BGs, sive malfunction. The long-term sequelae of moderate Goses Gi vreau Uo or sre coTeinogenesis. yanztic changes, and nontumerous forms af -arhincivding nephroscleros's, prturrosclerosis, Frrosisy vaccuiar pathoiam iro ing hypertension; endocrine. .nd imimunclogi. distuibenc2s: transicn! 20S co! tinuing hematopoietic disturbances; and nonspecific cmanges inchuct. 1. sp2n shartening, an effect that may be unrelated to specine pathological 2' art (21). -.s discussed later, tre erfects of very low doses vsuaih mas. oe 2 id ets 28s, A :cod example of the bread range 2° effects even after micderste do sss 9 an efesive soficiissue scener is is studes with 7% Rs (8: This evire ar, cs fat sen brought comrietefy up to dete and extensive USSR work addud by act de Parfenoy (2) Phe semalarity oo oc (Menta e ula achares os Sree? particuiery in hes latter WLS, Correadi para. ci dies inoude asenes Of wonegrps orethe toxiraloe Y Spogtwe satan 2: “heed ov Letesa A Re cadeagta 23 Ties oe : “oye SOE bor dp tae red ape : BEp , ot ue be re _ TA Ter SPOUT PUD ETE CesHuen. andtrudonMade: Tudiacuve cocd © adic. . wohorous, and go'4 (285 fron (26), -?ethorium. and “"f uranium «27 anu < Skt oa ror d panty sot tage 9 ih Hret mae AS Sie ‘ Demet, Laldeletion weet, ; . : owe Ap Boing ole ante ee Serpe 2 ca tas GeEth og ge aT te ms + eraretes PUY Ht NET) ger aeshagopens rapSere op! Oger oh pyStig ran ate 2 : : 5 MR WP age Ra ertGM ed pear + ty ay Maa sg , ha es . tree ae otal 1, Se rere OS MET SAL COM AY AREER AE a blah Padiheeks SyliMis imeney ‘cigeeh wivie + rps Peet 2 he mee : eg . . “ < ye ce Pe aE yg coe ge ce : , ae > Vie dae