39 for all age group? relatuvely low figure com- age 34, died of a genitourinary infection complicating diabetes even though she (along with the other cases) had been placed on oral therapy with Orinase (tolbutamid tablets}. (It was later found pared with that4er Japanese and American societies. Thyroid Metabolism that these patients did not take the tablets con- Table 24 shows results of protein bound iodine, sistently.) Table 26 compares the mortality from aiabetes total igdine, and butanol extractable iodine deter- minations. The 12 samples obtained in 1959 showed values definitely lower than the 1938 in the United States“ and the Marshall Islands. The incidence appears higher in the Marshall Islands and on Rongelap Island (based on its small population). It should be noted that, since values, although several readings were stull some- what high. It was thought that the high 1958 levels must have been due to contaminated glass- only routine urine examinations were done on the Rongelap people, the incidence of diabetes may actually be higher. The greater incidence of deaths ware inspite of the great care taken to maintain strict cleanliness. due to diabetes in the Marshall Islands than in the United States in 1956 and 1957*" is statistically significant (0.0L->p >0.001). Glucosuria On routine urine analysis during the 1959 survey one male and four females (all in the unexposed group) were found to have glucosuria: all but one of these also had an elevated fasting blood sugar level* (see Table 25). These individuals were considered to have mild diabetes mellitus. Later during the year one of these cases (854, F, gram of levels for both years was plotted against white blood count, since it has been shownthat tn leukemia the white cells have a higher B,, binding *We are grateful to Dr. W.W. Fennel at Kwajalein for having the blood sugar analyzed. — NTa Analysis of the 15 serum samples obtained in 1959 again showed, as in 1958, vitamin B,, levels” slightly higher than normal. The mean value was 714 ug/ml, with a range of 312 to 1500. A scatt€ér- ~~. 7 Serum Vitamin B,, Y Tabie 23 Results of ComplementFixation Tests on Rongelap People, 1959, by Age and Sex (Positive Reactions of Serum Dilutions 1-10) Avs Z No.in FluA FluB age group No. % No. % Long HA 1 HA 2 CA (Respiratory (Parainfluenza3) (Parainfluenza 1) (Parainfluenza 2) syncitial, CCA) No. Fo No. % No. Adeno “t No. % No. I 1 t > 6 I4 6 35 38 30 i4 16 10 82 67 50 2 3 26 430 40 «66 2 L 1 5 + 5 3 33 29 29 3 6 L5 29 32. 63 + +1 37 72 LGV (Psittacosis OF Mumps group) (Q fever) % No. % No. % No. % 2 6 12 25 1 3 1 6 13 5 2 2. 1 12 68 5 8 #13 ~=65 8 5 8 100 92 52 3 53.5 14 29 1 1 3 8 3 16 | 8 8 16 3 10 1 2 64 lo 14 10 9 6 5 Females l- 5 6-13 16-40 >40 0 17 24 20 Total | 61 4 + 17 20 9 7 38 35 8 19 16 47 79 80 13. 16 26 43 70 9) Males a) 6-15 16-40 > 40 i 12 2 7 ] 4 6 Total 51 11 8 19 35 2 8 12 1 38 71 11 18 14 92 86 B2 22 22 43 43 84 0 1 11 tt Females Plus Males Total 112 19 17 38 34 86 77 0 3