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PREFACE
Operation CASTLE did not include a biomedical program, The participants in Project 4.1
were drawn from various laboratories and were totally unprepared for a field program) when
the joint DOD-AEC Medical Research Team was organized after the operation had begun.
Dr. John C. Bugher, Director, Division of Biology and Medicine, AEC, and Lt Col L. E.
Browning, MC, USA, Surgeon of the Armed Forces Special Weapons Project. selected the project officer and requested that the selection of technical and professional personnel be commenced immediately. Rear Admiral Clarence Brown. Deputy Surgeon General, Medical Department, USN, gave immediate and complete support of ali naval medical research activities
and assigned responsibility to CAPT Van Tipton, MC, USN, and CDR Harry Etter, MC, USN, of
the Atomic Defense Division, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, USN, for the implementation of
the project.
Since little detailed information was available about dose and initial symptomatology, the
research team was organized to include the following talents for the constitution of the emerOo
gency medical team:
internal medicine, hematology, radiation technology and radionpiology. In
the selection of personnel the emphasis was placed on past experience in biomedical research
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in Lhe field with atomic weapons. In addition, provisions were made for a second echelon of
specialized personnel in case they were needed. Accordingly, a preventive medicine unit of
the Commander-in-Chiel, Pacific Fleet, was alerted for possible bacteriologic studies; blood
bank personnel, and additional clinicians and nurses were notified in case conditions justified
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their services in the Kwajalein area.
Rear Admiral Bartholomew Hogan, MC, USN, Pacific
Fleet Medical Officer, } immediately made any needed medical facilities of the Pacific Fleet
available.
co.
Personnel were obtained within the Continental limits of the U.S. for the research team
as follows:
Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI)
4 medical officers (E. P. Cronkile, project officer, R. A. Conard, N. R. Shulman, and
R. S. Farr)
.
2 medical service corps officers (W. H. Chapman and R. Sharp)
6 enlisted men (C. R. Sipe, P. K. Schork, C. P. A. Strome, W. C. Clutter, R. E. Hansell,
' J. S. Hamby)
;
U.S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory (NRDL})
1 civilian M.D. (V. PB. Bond)
1 medical service corps officer (L. J. Smith)
4 enlisted men (W. H. Gibbs, J. C. Hendrie, W. S. Argonza, J. Flanagan)
Division of Biology and Medicine, AEC
2 civilian M.D.'s (C, L. Dunham and G. V. LeRoy)
Armed Forces Special Weapons Project (AFSWP)
1 Army Medical Officer (L. E. Browning) |
Preliminary studies had been made by CDR W. S. Hall, MC, USN, Station Medical Officer
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and his staff, and decontamination of the individuals was well underway when Project 4.1 person-
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