-7of yields in the range of a few kilotons and below will resume underground some time in the neighborhood of Jan. 1, 1960." He notes that the only other organization with the ability to work on these programs would be LASL and encourages that they get started on such things and mentions also that AWRE might be able to pursue these ideas and that some calculational support might be sought from Rand and possibly NYU. In summary, he says, "A careful but necessary preliminary planning of the development of radiation weapons has been carried out. On the basis of this, we believe that a rapid and reasonable development in this area will require cancellation of some and the delay of other important work at the laboratory, and will also require a moderate expansion (80 direct heads in the Whitney effort during the next year). .. . As a result we expect that an effective radiation weapon could go into stockpile not later than 1964. The lab would appreciate an early directive to proceed on an accelerated plan toward a development of the radiation weapons. Because of the heavy sacrifices required in any of the alternatives mentioned above and because of our manpower shortage we feel that we cannot make the acceleration of these developments without a clear directive." The Livermore mid-year review sent from Teller to Starbird on 16 July 59 contains a lengthy discussion of the impact of the moratorium. "In reviewing the program of the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory for 1959, the currect moratorium on nuclear weapons testing continues to be the most important factor. This handicap and uncertainty, combined with a heavy commitment to a number of very important weaponization programs, produce an anomalous situation in which both factors work to inhibit device development on advanced concepts, which is vital to the kukuxw development of future weapons. This situation will be temporary as regards the balance between weaponization and device effort, and may also be temporary as regards the test moratorium, but, of course, it creates serious problems for LRL." After noting that Livermore regards nuclear explosives development as their most important job and that prediction of developments beyond five years is