- 13 - rem is the unit of Dose Equivalent (DE) 8 , ; The DE is obtained . by multiplying the absorbed dose in rad by modifyina factors to correct for these observed differences if the effect. As a consequence, effect will be the same in the magnitude the magnitude of the for a given DE regardless of the rature of the radiation or the manner of radiation. B. Modifying Factors At the present time, One is the Quality Factor two modifying factors are employed. (QF) which accounts for differences in producing biological effects among various forms of radiation. The other is the Distribution Factor which accounts (DF) for the modification of the biological effects when a radionuclide is nonuniformly distributed in an organ. For example, the DE for X-ray to bone tissue is determined sy usind OF=1 and DF=1, while that for Pu-239 determined by using a QF=10 in the bore is (to account for the greater effectiveness of alpha particle irradiation) and a DF+5 (to account for the peculiar distribution of Pu in the bone) 2”. . A DE=50 rem from X-rays or Pu-233 would thus induce the same number of cancers in bone but the absorbed dose from the X-rays would be 50 rad while that from Pu-239 would be only 1 rad. 18/ NCRP Report No. 39, Op. 19/ ICRP Publication ll, Op. cit.,; Pp. cit., p. 81. 2l.