these tissues.

Th:3 energy produces

the molecule of the cells;

chemical changes in

for example,

change could be a mutation in a cene.

such a chemical

The radiation dose

is actually a measure of the energy transferred to or
absorbed by the tissue.

rad

The basic unit of dose is the

(one rad represents the absorption of 100 ergs of

energy per gram of material).
In addition to X-rays,

radionuclides emit gamma rays

(high energy X-rays), beta particles

particles

(helium nuclei).

(electrons),

and alpha

In radiobiological experiments,

it was determined that, while these various types of radiation
produced the same bioloaical effects,

such as cancer,

magnitude of the erfect was not the same per rad.
example,

it was found that 100

the

For

rad of alpha radiation would

produce roughly 10 times as many cancers as 100 rad of
X-rays.

Moreover,

it was

found

that because of

the special

vay in which Pu-239 deposits in the bone, its alpha particles
were 5

times more effective in producing bone cancer than the

alpha particles

from radium’,

To account for these differences

in the magnitude of the observed effects at the

same absorbed

dose in rad, the maximum permissible dose limits are given
in rem rather than rad.
The MPLD is given in rem in Tables I and II.
17/

ICRP Publication 11,

the Tissues

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in Bone,"

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"A Review of the Radiosensitivity of

Pergamon Press,

New York, N.

Y.,

1967,

p.

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