World J. Surg. Vol. 16, No. 1, Jan./Feb. 1992 43 138 Acknowledgment The iaboratory support for part of the special studies was a grant from The US Atomic Energy Commission andits successors, including Brookhaven National Laboratory. The authors wish to acknowledgethe assistance, suggestions and support of many friends and collaborators over the past 22 years with whom the senior author has participated in the care of the Marshallese: especially, Drs. Robert A. Conard, William H. Adams, Eugene P. Cronkite and Mr. William A. Scott of Brookhaven National Laboratory; and Drs. John D. Reid and Mary Petrelli of the Department of Pathology, Cleveland Met- ropolitan Hospital; and finally the many laboratory assistants and surgical residents who participated in the special studies and care of the patients. ll. Adams, W.H., Heotis, P.M., Scott, W.A.: Medical Status of ~ Marshallese Accidentally Exposed to 1954 Bravo Fallout Radiation: January 1985 Through December 1987, U.S. Department of Energy publication (BNL} 52192, 1988, Upton, NY, Brookhaven National Laboratory . Dobyns, B.M.. Bertozzi, G.: Identification of cold thyroid lesions at operation and its place in the surgical managementof carcinoma of the thyroid. Ann. Surg. /72:703, 1970 . Dobyns. B.M., Vickery, A.L., Maloof, F., Chapman, E.M.: Functional and histologic effects of therapeutic doses of radioactive iodine in the thyroid of man. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. /3:548, 1953 . Dobyns, B.M., Didtschenko, I.: Nuclear changed in thyroidal epithelium following radiation from radioiodine. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 6:699, 1961 15. Dobyns, B.M., Rudd, A.E., Sanders, M.A.: Desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis in the radiated and stimulated thyroid gland. Endocrinology 8/:1, 1967 16. Dobyns, B.M., Robinson, L.R. Il]: Deoxyribonucleic acid content associated with nuclear changes in '?"I-irradiated human thyroids. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 28:875, 1968 References L. Conard, R.A.. Meyer I.M.. Sutow, W.W., Robertson. J.S., Rall, J.E., Robbins, J.. Jesseph. J.E., Deisher, J.B., Hicking, A., Lanwi. I., Gusmano, E.A., Eicher, M.: Medical Survey of the People of Rongelap and Utirik Island Eleven and Twelve Years After Exposure to Fallout Radiation (March 1965 and March 1966), U.S. Department of Energy publication (BNL) 50029 (T-446). 1967, Upton, NY, Brookhaven National Laboratory . Lessard, E.T., Miltenberger. R.P., Conard, R.A., Musolino, S.V., Naidu, J.R.. Moorthy, A., Schopfer, C.N.: Thyroid Absorbed Dose for People at Rongelap, Utirik, and Sifo on March 1, 1954, U.S. Department of Energy publication (BNL) 51-882, [985, Upton, NY, Brookhaven National Laboratory . Hawthorne, H.A. (editor): Compilation of Local Fallout Data from Test Detonations 1946-1962 Extracted from DASA 1251 VolumeII Oceanic US Test, Unclassified May 1, 1979 . James, R.A.: Estimate of Radiation Dose to Thyroids of the Rongelap Children Following the BRAVO Event, U.S. Department of Energy publication 12-273. Livermore, University of California Radiation Laboratory, 1964 . Conard, R.A., Dobyns, B.M., Sutow, W.W.: Thyroid neoplasia as late effect of exposure to radioactive iodine fallout. J.A.M.A. 214:316, 1970 . Conard, R.A., Sutow, W.W., Lowrey, A., Colcock, B.P., Hicking, A., Emil, M., Paglia, D.E., Demoise, C.F., Dobyns, B.M.. Riklon, . Hazard, J.B., Crile, G. Jr., Dempsey, W.S.: Nonencapsulated sclerosing tumors of the thyroid. J. Clin. Endocrinol. 9:1215, 1949 . Hazard, J.B.: Small papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: A study with special reference to so-called nonencapsulated sclerosing tumor. Lab. Invest. 9:86, 1960 . Sampson, R.J.. Key, C.R., Buncher, C.R., lijima, $.: Smallest forms of papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: A study of 141 microcarcinomas less than 0.1 cm in greatest dimension. Arch. Pathol. 9/:334, 1971 20. LiVolsi. V.A.: Surgical pathology of the thyroid. In Major Problems in Pathology, Philadelphia, W.B. Saunders, 1989, pp. 136-212 21. Spitalnik, P.F., Straus, F.H. Il: Patterns of human thyroid paren- chymal reaction following low-dose childhood irradiation. Cancer 41.1098, 1978 . Straus, F.H., Spitalnik, P.F.: Histologic parenchymal changes in the human thyroid after low dose childhood irradiation. In L.J. DeGroot, editor, Radiation Associated Thyrotd Carcinoma. New York, Grune & Stratton, 1977, pp. 183-187 23. DeGroot, L.J., Paloyan, E.: Thyroid carcinoma and radiation: A Chicago endemic. J.A.M.A. 225:487, 1973 24, Favus, M.J., Schneider, A.B., Stachura, M.E., Arnold, J.E., Ryo. U.Y., Pinsky, 5.M., Colman, M., Arnold, M.J., Frohman, L.A.: Thyroid cancer occurring as a late consequence of head and neck irradiation: Evaluation of 1056 patients. N. Engl. J. Med. 294:1019, E.: Medical Survey of the People of Rongelap and Utirik Island Thirteen, Fourteen, and Fifteen Years After Exposure to Fallout 1976 25. Fukunaga, F.H.: Occult thyroid cancer. In L.J. DeGroct, editor, Radiation Associated Thyroid Carcinoma, New York, Grune & partment of Energy publication (BNL) 50220(T-562), 1970, Upton, NY, Brookhaven National Laboratory 26. Corbin, P., Roudebush, C.P., DeGroot, L.J.: The natural history of radiation-associated thyroid cancer. In Radiation-Associated Thy- Radiation (March 1967, March 1968, and March 1969), U.S. De- . Conard, R.A., Knudsen, K.D., Dobyns, B.M.: A 20-year Review of Medical Findings in a Marshallese Population Accidentally Exposed to Radioactive Fallout, U.S. Department of Energy pub- lication (BNL) 50-424, 1975, Upton, NY, Brookhaven National Laboratory . Conard, R.A., Paglia, D.E., Larsen, P.R., Sutow, W.W., Dobyns, B.M., Robbins, J., Krotosky, W.A., Field, J.B., Rall, J.E., Wolff, J.: Review of Medical Findings in a Marshallese Population 26 Years After Accidental Exposure to Radioactive Fallout, U.S. Department of Energy publication (BNL) 51-261, 1980, Upton, NY, Brookhaven National Laboratory . Adams, W.H., Harper, J.A., Rittmaster. R.S., Heotis, P.M., Scott, W.A.: Medical Status of Marshallese Accidentally Exposed to 1954 Bravo Fallout Radiation: January 1980 Through December 1982. U.S. Department of Energy publication (BNL) 51761, 983, Upton, NY, Brookhaven National Laboratory . Adams, W.H., Engle, J.R., Harper, J.A., Heotis, P.M., Scott, pin on aa .. ZO. ewrwenin BeOS fed oe “oon W.A.: Medical Status of Marshallese Accidentally Exposed to 1954 Bravo Fallout Radiation: January 1983 Thropgh December 1984, U.S. Departmentof Energy publication (BNL) 51958, 1985, Upton, NY, Brookhaven National Laboratory Stratton, 1977, pp. 161-169 roid Carcinoma, L.J. DeGroot, editor, New York, Grune & Stratton, 1977, pp. 97-118 27. Schneider, A.B., Recant, W., Pinsky, S.M., Ryo, U.Y., Bekerman, C., Shore-Freedman, E.: Radiation-induced thyroid carci- noma: Clinical course and results of therapy in 296 patients. Ann. Intern. Med. /05:405, 1986 28. Chapman, E.M., Comer, G.W, Jr., Robinson, D., Evans, R.D.: The collection of radioactive iodine by the human fetal thyroid. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 8:717, 1948 29. Hamilton, T.E., Belle, G.V., LoGerfo, J.P.: Thyroid neoplasia in Marshall Islanders exposed to nuclear fallout. J.A.M.A. 258:629, 1987 30. Edis, A.J.: Natural history of occult thyroid cancer. In RadiationAssociated Thyroid Carcinoma, L.J. DeGroot, editor, New York, Grune & Stratton, 1977, pp. 155-160 31. Klinck, C.H., Winship, T.: Occult sclerosing carcinoma of the thyroid. Cancer &: 701, 1955 32. Rundle, F.E., Basser, A.G.: Stump recurrence and total tnyroid ectomyin papillary thyroid cancer. Cancer 9:692, 1956 33. Frazell, E.L., Foote, F.W. Jr.: Papillary cancer of the thyroid: A review of 25 yrs of experience. Cancer //:895, 1958 4 é