DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIALIZED INSTRUMENTS AND TECHNIQUES FOR
RESUSPENSION STUDIES

Paul L. Phelps and Lynn R. Anspaugh
Bio-Medical Division
Lawrence Livermore Laboratory, California

(Ed. Note: Previously published in
NAEG Report NVO-142, pp. 221-233.)

ABSTRACT

An intensive study on the resuspension of plutonium at the Nevada Test Site
has been initiated.
The main thrust of the study is to develop a mathematical
model for describing the concentrations of plutonium in air as a function of
the source and driving forces.
It is intended that the model be a basis for
assessing potential health hazards and developing cleanup recommendations.
In
addition, the study is providing an opportunity to develop a generalized
resuspension model, applicable in general for establishing environmental and
biological assessment of nuclear projects involving plutonium.
Apparatus and experimental techniques for studying the dynamics of plutonium
and scil particle behavior have been developed.
This has included the development of ultrahigh-volume air samples (1500 m3/hr) which allow collection of
adequate samples of plutonium at worldwide air concentration levels in two
hours of sampling time. We have also developed samplers for measuring the
fraction of particles moving in creep and saltation.
The Air Resources
Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, has established
an elaborate meteorological data-gathering system for measuring micrometeorological parameters, during sampling periods at the Nevada fest Site.
Advanced
optical methods for in situ sizing and counting particles have also been
employed.
This technique allows observations of particle size and concentration
of a few-minute time scale, such that rapid changes in meteorological parameters
may be more directly correlated with the concentration of airborne particles
and their size distributions.
The most intensive field program to date has been in the GMX area.
Data have
also been collected in Area 13 and Mercury. Ultrahigh-volume air samplers and
high-volume cascade impactors were used to measure the concentration of plutonium in air and aerodynamic particle fractions of airborne soil and plutonium.
Analysis of air samples collected by REECo from February, 1971, to July, 1972,
shows that the GMX site, which was contaminated 17 years ago, still represents
a significant resuspension source.
However, the average air concentration of

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