CHAPTER IV, SECTION 3 SECTION 3 FRESH WATER DISTILLATION AND DISTRIBUTION The fresh water requirements were based on forecasted peak populations with an estimated daily per capita consumption of 40 gallons in the permanent camps and 35 gallons in the temporary camps. Experience gained with distill- ation units had indicated that they serve satisfactorily as the source of fresh water when provided in multiple units of liberal capacity to permit the fairly extensive maintainance necessary for this type of equipment. In determin- ing the number and capacities of units required at each camp, consideration was given to “down time” of 25% for the units installed and to the difference between rated capacities and actual SITE Elmer Fred re Ursula Yvonne Tare Charlie Fox Nan NO.OF UNITS 6 3 i* 8 in February 1954, the month of peak population. 600 Elect. 600 a 00 Diesel Diesel ect. 150 Gas 600 200 600 150 4 150 4 ing tabulation indicates the location of all units RATED OUTPUT COMPRESSOR STATIONARY OR G. P. H. PRIME MOVER PORTABLE 5 3 1** 11 4 yields due to the fouling of tubes in use. As the program developed, it became apparent in April 1953 that it would be necessary to provide additional distillation units to meet the expected fresh water demands. After evaluation of all the factors available at that time, a decision was reached to procure six 600 gph and four 200 gph additional units. Though theoriginal concept of the number of camps and population estimates changed somewhat thereafter, the acquisition of these additional units permitted the provision of adequate plant capacities at all sites. The follow- 150 Diesel Diesel Elect. Gas Gas Gas CAPACITY PER DAY Stationary Portable Portable tationary Portable Portable Stationary Portable Portable Portable Portable 134,400 187,200 14,400 9,200 39,600 14,400 14,400 14,400 * Used only for several days during emergency landing of Bikini Personnel after Bravo event. ** In inactive status. The distillation units with their related equipment such, as boilers, pumps, and chlori- nators, were housed at the temporary camps in simple inexpensive, expendable buildings. Figure 4-23 shows the installation at site Charlie. Ground andelevated storage tanks were provided in quantities to provide storage of one day’s supply of fresh water. The piping to the elevated tanks was so arranged that these tanks rode the distribution system and thereby provided the necessary head. Asbestos-cement pipe for distribution lines was used for reducing the cor- rosion problems since it was available at Jobsite. Shallow salt water wells conveniently 1ocated adjacent to the distillation plants were the source of salt water. Figure 4-24 shows a typical elevated tank at a temporary campsite, Operating experience indicated that consumption could be held to low rates only with careful water discipline by users and continued surveillance of the distribution systems to detect and rectify leakage as early as possible. Demands for fresh water were heavy for washing down planes, for decontamination purposes, and photographic laboratories. Also, the distillation plants on LSTs did not operate satisfactorily when the vessels were beached and it became necessary to augment the supply of water to these vessels from the source at Elmer. Records of daily production and consumption records for all purposes were maintained and reported monthly to the AEC. Consumption for both Eniwetok and Bikini Atolls is shown in the table at the bottom of page 4-32. Page 4-31