decontaminate the vessels. By 10 August, upon the advice of the Chief of the Radiological Safety Division, the Task Force Commander decided to terminate these efforts and tow most of the remaining target fleet to Kwajalein Atoll for possible decontamination (3: 2). In the latter half of August 1946, the surviving target ships were towed or sailed to Kwajalein Atoll. Eight of the major ships and two submarines were towed back to the U.S. for radiological inspection. Twelve target ships were so lightly contaminated that their crews remanned them and sailed them back to the United States. The remaining target ships were destroyed by sinking off Bikini Atoll, off Kwajalein Atoll, or near the Hawaiian Islands during 1946-1948. The support ships were decontaminated as necessary at U.S. Navy shipyards, primarily in San Francisco and in Bremerton, Washington (3: 2). 4.2.3 Dose Summary for CROSSROADS. CROSSROADS operations were undertaken under radiological supervision , intended to keep personnel doses below 0.1 rem of gamma radiation per day. About 15 percent of the participants were issued film badges. Personnel anticipated to have the most potential for exposure were badged, and a percentage of each group working in less radioactive areas were badged (3: 2,3). Because radiation dose data are not complete, reconstructions have been made of personnel doses for unbadged crewmembers of the ships involved. The calculations relied upon the radiation measurements recorded by radiation safety personnel in 1946 and used the types of methods discussed in chapter 7. The table below summarizes the available dosimetry information: Summary of External Doses for Operation CROSSROADS as of 1 May 1986 Gamma Dose (rem) 0-0.5 0.5-1 1-3 3-5 5-10 Army 3,250 25 15 10 0 Navy 28 , 436 4,883 2,939 4 0 550 0 0 0 0 Marine Corps 77 10+ 0