Radiation doses and cancerrisks in the Marshall Islands @ S. L. Simon ET AL. Taka, and Taongi) or because the residents were relo- cated for safety reasons (Bikini and Enewetak) or evac- uated due to unexpected exposures (Ailinginae, Rongelap, Rongerik, Utrik). Thus, radiation doses were estimated for 26 population groups, including the residents of the 23 atolls and islands that were inhabited during the years of nuclear testing (Table 2), and three other groups: persons from Rongelap who were on Ailinginae at the time of the Bravo test, persons from Rongelap who were visiting the southern atolls at the time of the Bravotest, and U.S. military weather observ- ers on Rongerik. For the consideration of cancerrisks, 109 only the 25 Marshallese population groups were considered. Both the dose and cancerrisk assessment explicitly included members of the six Marshallese groups that were relocated or evacuated during the testing period: (1) 64 persons evacuated from Rongelap Atoll after the Bravotest; (2) 18 persons from Rongelap evacuated from Ailinginae Atoll after the Bravo test; (3) 117 persons from Rongelap who werevisiting the southern atolls at the time of the Bravotest; (4) 157 persons from Utrik Atoll evacuated after the Bravo test; and the populations that normally resided on (5) Enewetak Atoll and (6) Bikini Atoll but who had been relocated to Ujelang Atoll Table 2. Populations* of the atolls and separate islands of the Marshall Islands over 45 y and population groups for which doses were estimated in this study. Doses computed for resident populations 1935 Ailinginae® — na Ailinglaplap Sf na Atoll/Island Ailuk Arno Aur Bikar Bikini Ebon Erikub Enewetak Jabat Jaluit Jv Jv Jv — — Jv — — — 1958 — 1967 — 1,288 na — 419 1,037 241 — — 819 — — — 1,195 1,113 na na na — na na 384 1,273 361 — — 836 — — — 1973 — 925 1,450 — 6,624 335 1,120 300 — 75 740 — — 70 — na na 1,098 267 309 — 360 Knox Kwajalein® — Sf — na — 1,284 — 3,540 — 5,469 na na na na na na na na na na — — — na na na na na — 10,446 165 44 636 3,415 454 346 412 523 482 264 — — — 167 172 198 71 361 — 14,163 131 142 430 5,249 494 320 582 547 597 189 — — — 191 251 269 61 396 — 18,860 — 1,385 — Jv Jv of f Jv f f Jv of of f — — — Jv f Jv of Jv — — 1980 1,100 Jemo Island Kili Island® Lae Lib Island Likiep Majuro Maloelap Meyjit Island Mili Namorik Namu Rongelap’ Rongerik® Taka Taongi Ujae Ujelang® Utrik Wotho Wotje Residence not stated Total Sf Population size 154 98 406 10,290 432 271 538 431 493 165 — — — 209 342 217 85 425 19 25,050 413 1,487 444 — —_ 887 — 542 72 489 237 98 481 11,791 614 325 763 617 654 235 — — — 309 d 336 101 535 — 30,889 “Data obtained from 1999 Marshall Islands Yearbook (see http://marshall.csu.edu.au/Marshalls/html/STATS/RMIYearbook 1998 — 99 pdf). > There was no continuously resident population on Ailinginae. Eighteen Rongelap community members were exposed to Bravofallout there. © The Bikini community was relocated to Kili Island prior to the nuclear testing. “The Enewetak community wasrelocated to Ujelang Atoll prior to the nuclear testing; they returned in 1980. * Excluding non-Marshallese residents of Kwajalein Missile Range. "This group includes the 64 persons who were present on Rongelap Island at the time of the Bravo test (Rongelap Island community), the 18 persons exposed on Ailinginae to Bravo fallout, and 117 persons who were visiting the southern atolls at the time of the Bravo test (Rongelap control group). © There was no resident population on Rongerik. Twenty-eight U.S. military weather observers were exposed to Bravo fallout there.