“Uh satisfactorily, its judgments would have to be based upon & world-wide community of values. That community of values does not exist today. To set up a central machinery of force in the present state of the world might be to create a new instrument of coercion which disaffected peoples would come to regard as intolerable, It may be said in rejoinder that first attempts at orld government or world federation will necessarily be imperfect, that the way to develop the com munity of valucs is by creating and operating 2 machinery of central justice, Reference may be made to the expericnece of the United States first under the Articles of Confederation and later under the Constitution in perfecting its federal system, This nation's experience in perfecting its federal system un= fortunately includes the bitter, bloody, and protracted Civil War. Could a world government afford to perfect itsclf by expericncing a world-wide civil war? Not if it is true that any large-scale war in an cra of atomic warfare threatens the whole future of civilization. Unless the world, government from the first promises to settic those cisputcs formerly scttlod by ver so uquitably that there will be littic or no pressure to resist the enforcement of its dco cisions, it offers no surc cure against the threatened oxtinction of civilization; it offers no certainty that other human values besides survival will be protected any better, or indeed as well, as they are protected under the present admittedly unsatisfactory system of regulating international affairs, it is the threat of gencral war which provides the cxcuse for establishing world governnent now. To substitute the threat of world-wide civil war for the threat of world-wide international war is to make very littic progress in atomic cnergy control. One can only conelude with Sceretary of State Byrnes that "wo Tust not imagine that overnight there can arise fully grown a world government wise and strong enough to protect all of us and tolcrant and denocratic enough te command our willing loyalty .”° " Charleston speech, Novenber 16, 195.