\ -132- \ available for urgent military measures in behalf of the United Nations. By these agreements the Security Council might be enabled to mobilize enough power, including even forces using atomic weapons, to insure that an agrressor (other than one of the Permanent Members of the Council—a large exception to be dealt with later) would ultimately be defeated and devastated. If so, this would probably be a strong deterrent. But will it be possible to conclude land oper te the detailed agreenents determining national participation in the maintenance of security until specific arrangenents have been made for the shared control of atomic energy?. The fear and distrust accompanying a competitive development of atomic weapons will hardly provide an atmosphere conducive to working out the network of agreenents and plans contemplated in Articles 3-7? of the Chartcr. In any event, nations attempting to keep a weapon secret are not likely to place it at the disposal of an international agency. At the best, they may agree to use it themselves in behalf of the Security Council, This would not enable the Military Staff Com mittec as a joint body cither to plan or to direct its operations intelligently. The conclusion would seen to be that the Security Council will have great difficulty in playing a significant rolc in collective security until a systen _is worked out, setting narrow linits to the production and distribution, and still narrower limits to the use, of atomic weapons, Failure to devise such a systen may indeed destroy the fundamental condition of peace, nancly, a working harnony of the United States, the Soviet Union, and Britain. The joint announcement of Novomber 15, 1945, makes the point that "complete protection from the destructive use of scientific knowledge" can only be secured by preventing war. “the authors of the announcenmmt realized, however, that war might well result from a race in atomic armament, That is why they were not con- tent to rely upon the general effort of the United Nations Organization as fuardian of peace, but proposed that it should devise special machinery for the specific task of preventing the destructive use of atomic energy, They were pn