41 progress, including chromosomecounts, enuniera- tion of aberrations, and karyotype analysis by paste-ups of photographs. A few dicentric chromo- somes and certain other aberrations have been noted in the examined group, but insufficient con- trol material has been analyzed for any positive statements to be madeat this time. Diabetic Survey. Based on blood sugar determinations as part of the routine urine analyses and fasting blood sugar determinations, it was found that 6 people had a diabetic tendency. The fol- lowing had elevated fasting blood sugars (mg %): No. 853, 247; No. 893, 279; No. 936, 187; No. 991, 248; No. [042, 180; No. 835 had a 3+ urine sugar but no blood sugar determination was done. As has been noted, the incidence of diabetesis fairly high in the Marshallese. It is, however, of the type that develops in older people since no cases have been seen in younger peopie. Serological Studies. Protein Bounp [opine DETERMINATIONS. Protein bound iodine levels were determined in several groups of people during the past two surveys. The groups included 9 Marshallese living on Rongelap Atoll, 8 Marshallese living on Ebeye [sland (Kwajalein Atoll), 10 members of the medical team. and 7 Americans who had beenresiding in the Marshal! Islands for at least a year. The results are presented in Table 21. Again the Marshallese values are higher than the Caucasian values. Though the numberof sam- ples involved is too small for any positive statement to be made, the lower levels of the Marshallese living on Ebeye may have some meaning, since their environmentis quite different from that of the Rongelap residents (more westernized in food, etc.). A difference berween the medical team who hadonlybeenin the Islands a few weeks and the Americans who had resided there for at least a year is probably not significant. It is anticipated that this aspect of the problem will be further investigated on the next survey. Fourc Actp Determinations. Folic acid levels were below orin the low range of normal in 29% of the 129 Rongelap people tested. Fifteen per- cent were below 4 myg/ml and 16% in the border- line range of 4 to 7 mug/mil. The unexposed comparison population had slightly lower values than the exposed population. The generally low level of these Island people is attributed to a dietarv deficiency of foods containing folic acid, mainiy leafy vegetables. The levels were not sufficiently low to result in any hematological changes or ap- parentclinical effects. The individual values for folic acid are presented in Appendix 17. Tue Ac System. The following statements were made by Dr. B.S. Blumberg*: “The sera of patients who have received multiple transfusions may contain antibodies against normal human. serum components.'‘ The first example of such antibodies was reported in a patient (C.deB.} who had received 250 transfusions for the treatment of a refractory anemia of unknownetiology.‘ By means of the Ouchterlony double-diffusion tech- nique, it was shown that the antibody formed a precipitin with 55% of normal U.S. white and Negro sera. By twin, family, and population studies'* it was shown that the presence or absence “Associate Director for Clinical Research. Institute for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, Pa. Tabie 22 Serum Tests Antisera reactors C.deB. Popuiation Micronesian Location Total No. Rongelap Atoil 187 98 149 68 U.S. White Maryland Greek Quechua Indian Sioux Indian Greece Peru South Dakota U.S. Negro New York Georgia 120 203 102 143 % Pos. Total No. 18h 39 120 72 70 91 203 102 143 149 % Pos. 38 97 99 93 B6 78