49
é
Foland, J. M. U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Reports,
ORNL-CF-56-3-60 (1956), ORNL-CF-57-2-3 (1957), ORNLCF-57-2-4 (1957), ORNL-CF-57-11-33 (1957),
and on :
ot al.f8) © 71. International Commission on Radiological Protection,
sanin. {
°
Committee II on Permissible Dose for Internal Radia-
i
tion (1959) (ICRP). Health Phys. 3, 1 (1960).
| age of i 1’. Holtzmann, R. B. Measurement of the Natural Contents
age Te- i
of RaD (Pb?) and RaF (Po”*) in Human Bone—Es-
anently ;
timates of Whole-Body Burdens. Health Phys. 9, 385
not in t
(1963).
qs
f 13. licewicz, F. H., Holtzman, R. B., and Lueas, H. F., Jr.
, tassue ;
Rapid Spectrophotometric Method for the DeterminaIn nontion of Lead in Bone Ash. Anal. Chem. 36, 1132-1135
Tipton
al and
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(1964).
:1+- Holtzman, R. B. Desirability of Expressing Concentrations of Mineral-Seeking Constituents of Bone as a
9 while |
Function of Ash Weight. Health Phys. 8, 315-319 (1962).
"act as .15. Lueas, H. F., Jr., Holtzman, R. B., and Dahlen, D. C.
22) the }
tal ex- }
k
:
Radium-226, Radium-228, Lead-210, and Fluorine in
Persons with Osteogenic Sarcoma. Science 144, 15731575 (1964).
ba e of i 16. Snedecor, G. W. and W. G. Cochran. Statistical Methods.
tion so;
The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa, 1967,
Sixth Ied., pp. 453ff.
17. National Center for Health Statistics. Cigarette Smoking
and Health Characteristics. United States July 1964~
June 1965. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare, Public Health Service. Public Health Service
Publication No. 1000-Ser. 10, No. 34 (May, 1967), p. 2.
18. Davidon, W. C. Variable Metric Method for Minimiza-
tion. Argonne National Laboratory Report ANL-5990
(Rev. 2) (1966); also ANL Computer Library Program
C-183.
19. Holtzman, R. B. and Lucas, H. F., Jr. Unpublished data.
20. Hunt, V. R., Radford, E. P., Jr., and Segall, A. Comparison
of Concentrations of Alpha-Emitting Elements in Teeth
and Bones. Int. J. Radiat. Biel. T, 277-287 (1964).
21. Holtzman, R. B. and Weewicz, F. H. Lead-210 and Polonium210 in Tissues of Cigarette Smokers. Sczence 153, 12591260 (1966).
22, Harvey, S. C. Heavy Metals—-Lead. The Pharmacological
Basis of Therapeutics, Ed. L.S. Goodman and A. Gilman.
The Macmillan Company, New York, 1965, Third ed.,
pp. 943-975.
ry old,
ze and °
studies 1 NON-UNIFORMITY IN THE RETENTION OF THE ALKALINE EARTHS
trolled IN ANIMALS AND MAN*
qeular,
Jtizabeth Lloyd
d non- ;
In order to summarize some of the experimental information on which the model of bone turnover being developed for
| the ICRP must be based, measurements of the uptake and
id En- $ loss of Ca*, Sr”, and Ra** in different bones and in different
344-3g9 © Parts of bone of rabbits, dogs, and man are reviewed.
! Toxie 3
ation?
RETENTION IN TRABECULAR BONE AND CORTICAL BONE VS.
WHOLE SKELETON
vey of '
mittes. §
Spy in Different Rabbit Bones
Jealth
The alkaline earths are taken up in different concen-
a,
trations in different bones. In general, trabecular bone
sy.
.
tae §
4ppears to take up moreradioisotope than cortical bone
.
.
.
als in # but releases it faster. Figure 42 shows the specific ac| tivity of Sr in different bones in the adult rabbit relaat differx01). , tive to the mean value for the whole skeleton
Bp ay F cnt times after a single intravenous injection. This
968). | slows about a fivefold difference in the specific activity
2s on F Ol the lumbar vertebrae compared with the midportion
oh _ Of the tibia at 10 min after injection. This difference
hese,
(lrops to about a factor of two at 460 days when both
F Portions of bone approach the mean values for the
and F Whole skeleton.
tory
dort,
J
° 4
an
— —
~ This is a synopsis of a contribution made as a member of
te I’RP Committee on the Local Retention Function of
Bon--Sceking Isotopes.
*28Ra in Different Human Bones
In man the pattern of distribution of radium in individual bones as a function of time after mtake ap-
pears to be somewhat similar to that shown above for
the rabbit. Figure 43 shows a linear-linear plot of the
concentration of ***Ra in different human bones. This
graph summarizes the data available from the MIT
studies on human radium."!) There is a wide spread in
the different values for different bones, and for the
sake of clarity, the individual points have been omitted
here. Figure 44 shows a typical spread of the experimental values for the vertebrae where a straight line on
a log-linear plot appears to give a slightly better fit
to the data than the linear-linearplot in Figure 43.
In Figure 43 the results have been further subdivided
to show the difference in persons who were exposed
before age 20 and those exposed after 20 years of age.
The duration of exposure varied from 0.1 year to 31
years, but 18 out of 24 cases had a duration of exposure
less than 5 years. In addition, it is probable that even
in the cases having a long duration of exposure, the
most significant exposure took place in the earlier
years before morestrict regulations were imposed. Figure 44 does, however, show a larger spread in the
values for the cases which were exposed at age greater
than 20 years. This is in agreement with thefindings of
Fleteher et al.@from ®Sr fallout studies.