Hazards Resulting From Atomic Bomb Explosions CJTF SEVEN No. 3-53 situation maps, the posting of areas of hazard and mnimizing the spread of contaminated material inte uncontaminated areas constitute the active measures for reducing the radiological hazard. ¢. Personnel within an operational radius of ground zero who are to be facing in the direction of the flash will be required to wear special goggles to protect their eyes against excessive light. Personnel within the above operational radius who are not provided goggles will face, with eyes closed, in the opposite direction from the flash. After ten (10) seconds, such personnel may turn around and observe the phenomena. Aut:tapaved Hagard Areas ea. Imncdiately under the bomb burst there will be an area of intense radioactivity extending downwind and, to some extent, crosswind and Upwind with gradually decreasing intensity. bd. Extending downwind, and to some extent, ercsswind and upwind) an airborne radicz-tive hazard will exist. Its characteristics will depend on the meterological influences such as wind speed and direction at various altitudes up to the maximum height reached by the cloud. c, Contaminat*d water in the lagoon adjacent to the shot site may be of consequence and will be analyzed by the radiological safety unit of TG 7.1 immediately after shot time and at other intervals. d. Unless care is exercised, individuals or objects entering cone taminated areas may transfer radioactivity to clean areas. e. By means of instruments such as Geiger-Mueller counters and ion chambers it is possible to detect the area of contamination and to measure the intensity of the radioactivity. Radiation intensity will normally be measured and reported in roentgens per hour. Besides those instruments, dosimeters and film badges will be used as indicators of the accumulated exposure to radioactivity. Only personnel involved in work near, or in, radioactive areas will wear © film badges to provide a permanent record of exposure, except that film badges will be issued to ten (10) percent of ship crews to aid in estimating crew dosage in the event of heavy fall-out. f. The intensity of the radioactive hazard tends to decrease with time due to decay of radioactive materials and dispersion and dilution, depending upon climatic conditions. As an approximation, the intensity cf the surface contamination from the fission products decreases by radioactive decay inversely with the time after the detonation. As a further approximation, the intensity of water contamination decreases by radicactive decay and diffusion inversely with the square of the time after the detonation. This appendix has been designed for reduced security classification in order to permit wide dissemination to all personnel of the command and may be downgraded to RESTRICTED - SECURITY INFORMATION provided all references to Joint Task Force SEVEN and its subordinate units are deleted. OF I. ALs , ° f ° . Colonel, U.S, AirWorce, Assistant Chief of Staff, J~3y_tyr-2 P. W. CLARKSON Major General, U.S. Arny Commander