100
EPFECTS
ok
JONTON G
conditions a rend str stat stioal prognosis couid
be made. However, t e 7 roblems invonwed with
PAD ATION
loose rates from which the total dose received by
“oe Mar hallese was calculated were measured
estimation of dose re ered by tye int Vict d
Pee sya rina plane feet above the ground sur-
present real praetiea
hace. Because of the planar geometry of excostes nd the energy of the beam, for this
iensired ose rate, the dose rate at the center
ut the hody would be greater than for the same
dose rate from oa high energy X-ray source,
measared im ai at the proximal skin surface.
Vhe effects of fallout gamma radiation would
‘rs oe expected to be greater, for the same dose
‘Uthendties.
able that does estimate.
Ir
Dpreb
vill be ivailable from
dosimetry devices or fron:
lose contout flies
and the position of toe individual during ex
posure. Some of the -Uffieudties cf relwing
The ex
heavily on dose estimates are obvious,
act position of tie dnd vida and the degree of
shielding will nor be known precisely
The
dosimetry devict records the dose or it dose rate
which may not reflect aeenrately because if
shielding, enere slependence of the device, ete,
the deposition of” energy within the madividuals
at the site of interest. iumels bone marrow ce
gastromtestinal tract
More important,
's
cause of individua
ciflerences no sensitisity
individuals exposed t the same measured close
may differ widely 3) their responses, Maus.
estimates of dose enlcoalated from dose cates or
derived from at iutegrating dosimeter or from
‘ensared ii vir. than would laboratory radiaWoo
The h ghonitial incidence of nausea, vomiting
rod durhen am the high-exposure Marshallese
eroup. and the profound neutrophile and plate‘or cenit depression indieated a greater effect
‘han might have been expected from 175 rin
the daboratory, in keeping with the above. As
ndieated in Chapter PV. from this value for
oye dose received, and from the degree of leuke-
position of an iidiviaua, during exposure cnt
ste depression if is possible to estimate the dose
Hostaen a small incidence of mortality would
fate of an individual
we resulted without treatment. These convderanions would place the threshold for mor-
not be accepted is the nest index of the probate
oo as the tinal index te
therapy, triage or prognosis
Sinee the <s1,
dromes of radiation ti jury Lave varying symp
toms and are dove depencent the svmptomologs
IS IN sense, a personal indicator of one’s fare
Expermence with farmad radiation nyury a
Hiroshima, Nagasak with veactar and emt oa
assembly aceidents od the “allout acerdent te
seribed herein strenziv siggest that che nes!
method for est matieg the seroustiess af os
posure af the ad siciad level is the symipre
matic approach
Vow thoany disease, an 1:
curate appratsa) ef
ae patient's condition
ve
sults only fron ou thoreugt evaluation of the
history, physiedl) cue diborators osaniinat od
(see Section 6
6.42
3 bel ow
Influence ot Geometry of Exposure on the
Effective Dose. 1.D. for Man
The intluence oft the geamerry of exposdie os
the effeerive dose ta se assed it baprer Toad
the minimal letras ce se fear na on eater FA
halits ar approximately 225 ro and the LD. at
ipproxpmately 340 r for fallout gamma radia-
cram. Tos also clear from the above consideriors, that oa figure for an LD. for man,
ndependent of the condition of exposure is
sser tia by meningless.
Phe LD., traure of 350 ris below the value of
er 6301 commonly quoted (7).
A recent
‘eevalnation of the Japanese Nagasaki and
Hhreshima bombing data has resulted in a figne sell above the #00 or 450 r value for the
Innedtite radiation from the bomb. The error
rtfosnenre, as well as that obtained from the
\irrshaclese clatas is very great.
TTowever, the
rotonrd
bematolugtenl
effects
seen
in
the
Muarshalles would argue strongly for lowering,
roat deast not pausing, the current [1)., esti-
hates fore val defense and other plinning, this
artooarhs under curew“instances where fallout
vidnitions inay be expected to be the chief
adialo rien
hagzare.