oD
wet ow + GF... pe .te
coauiitvens a realetir stat wtere: ==~-eeeew ~~Mt
te meade.
However. the jprabieam sreadven: » th
eotimation of daw rereived by fhe rdesnbael
eee reaped ~ a Steck the fatal dour reverved) he
we War tecte war cab-uinted were menrured
fee a ne cc 2 rine 3 for whove the groniwi «ar.
ft » prab
few Re rar of the planer genmetry of 1poeere ont thr energy of the
for thn
and the position of the individual during es-
of the hndy wouki he greater than for the same
preeret real proctical difiruitws.
ebie the! dove eatimetes will br available from
dommetry devices or from dene contour irae
posere. Mome of the diffcultws of reiying
heavily on cone estimates are nhvinua, The es-
act position of the individual and the degree of
shielding will not be known precisely. The
daemmetry device records the done or a done rate
which may not reflect accurately because of
shiekling, energy dependence of the device,etc.,
the deposition of energy within the individuals
at the ate of interest, namely bone marrow and
gastrointestinal. tract. More important, because of individual differences in senutivity,
individuals expored to the same measured done
may differ widely in their responses. Thus,
estimates of dove calculated from cose rates oF
derived from an integrating dosimeter or from
position of an individual during exposure can-
not be accepted as the best index of the probable
fate of an individual, or ax the final index to
therapy, triage or prognosix,
Since the syn-
dromes of radiation injury have varying svmp-
toms and are done dependent, the symptomology
is in sense, a personal indicator of one's fate.
Experience with human radiation injury at
Hiroshima, Nagasaki, with reactor and critical
assembly accidents and the fallout ac intent described herein strongly suggest that the hest
method for estimating the seriousness of exposure at the individual level is the symptoTratic approach, As with any disease, an accurate appratsal of the patient's condition results only from a thoreugh evaluation of the
history, physical and laboratory examination
(see Section 6.525 below).
642
lIafweace of Geometry of Exposure on the
Effective Dose, LDQ. for Man
The riftnence of the geometry of expusure on
nererere( sue iate, the deve rate at the center
chump rate from a hegh energy Xray swurce,
measured in arr at the protimal skin surface.
The effects of fallout gamma rediation would
this he expected to he greater, for the same done
measured in air, than would laboratory redistions,
The high initial incidence of nausea, vomiting
and diarrhea in the high-expnsuore Marshallese
group, and the profound neutrophile and piete-
let count depression indicated a greater effect
than might have heen expected from 175 r im
the laboratory, in keeping with the shove. As
indicated in Chapter [V, from this value for
the dase received, and from the degree of leuko-
cyte depresion it is posible to estimate the done
at which a small incidence of mortality would
have resulted without treatment.
These con-
siderations woukl place the threshold for moetality at approximately 225 r, and the LD, at
approximately :‘Mal rc for fallout gamma redistion,
ft is also clear from the above consider-
ations, that a figure for an LD, for man,
independent of the condition of exposure is
ementially menningtess.
The LI. figure of 3506 is below the value of
4) of 450 r commonly quoted (7). A recent
re-evaluation of the Japanese Nagasaki and
Hiresbhimea bombing data has resulted in a tigure well above the 400 or 450 7 value for the
immediate radiation fromthe bomb. The error
in this figure. as well as that obtaine.t Fry the
Marshalle-e data, is very great. Hovercr. the
profound hematological effects seen in’ the
Marshallex: would argue strongly for lowering.
ov at Jeast nod raising, the current LDA ei.
tuates far cil defense amd other planning, this
particularly umder circumstances where falleast
the effective deme is disctissed in Chapter f, and
tedsations may
Ulse seesmererse) leebal bee fcr tnaiin Chapter DY.
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be expected te be the chef
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