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mass of evidence of the existence of such a program in the Soviet
Union. Incidentally, he added, the present estimate had been concurred in by all of the agencies of the intelligence commuity.
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Mr. _ Dulles
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Weighing all the evidence, Mr. Dulles ‘then summarized his coneclusions. First, that a minimum of from 10 to 15 million people of
the Soviet Union's urban population are now afforded some degree of
protection, and that the effort to provide more is a continuing effort in the Soviet Union. Ail this was true despite much uncertainty
as to the precise character and size of the Soviet program.
When the Director of Central Intelligence hed concluded
his remarks, General Cutler informed the Council that when it was
produced before the Planning Board, this estimate on the Soviet program had been received with a certain amount of skepticism, particu-
larly in view of two sentences--one in paragraph 2, reading "It is
impossible to determine the precise state of readiness in the USSR",
and secondly, the first sentence of paragraph 11, reading "The ade-
ee
quacy of protection afforded by the shelter program outlined in the
above paragraphs has not been analyzed in this report."
General
Cutler also pointed out that Ambassador Thompson was of the opinion
that no shelters were being provided in the enormous Lenin Hills
housing development in Moscow. Mr. Dulles replied that he was inclined to disagree with Ambassador Thompson's interpretation of
what had been observed in the Lenin Hills development.
General Cutler said that in any case Mr. Dulles presumably
agreed with his advice to Mr. Dulles that he should not go out too
far on a limb with respect to this estimate of the Soviet progran.
Mr. Dulles indicated that he had been inclined to go along with this
view when it had first been expressed to him by General Cutler, but
that he had somewhat changed his mind after seeing more of the concrete evidence to support the existence of a Soviet civil defense
and air-raid shelter program. General Cutler inquired whether Mr.
Dulles proposed to continue his efforts to discover the size and
character of the Soviet program, and he received an affirmative
answer.
Mr. Gordon Gray questioned whether it was meaningful to
cite as evidence of a modern Soviet program shelter structures which
had been built as early as 1949.
‘To Mr. Gray, such structures would
have little or no use in a future nuclear war. Dr. Killian, however,
pointed out that such structures might still prove helpful as shelter
against radioactive fallout as opposed to blast or thermel effects.
Secretary Dulles agreed with this opinion, but pointed out that this
was not the type of shelter which the United States was contemplating in its current study of shelter programs.
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