173
Acute and chronic intakes of fallout radionuclides @ S. L. SIMoNn ET AL.
Table 8. (Continued)
Utrik community
Radionuclide
Castle
series
Bravo
Fe"
St
Sr
ey
BY
SZyr
°°Mo
‘BRU
RU
BimTe
By
OTe
1327
1337
135]
BIC
M0Ba
MOFa
Mpa
Ce
BCe
Ce
3Ce
1.3
7.5
2.5
2.0
1.3
1.1
1.8
1.7
1.4
2.3
5.4
1.3
1.3
3.2
9.6
6.6
4.3
2.3
1.6
2.1
1.9
1.4
4.1
23°NIp?
x
X
X
X
<
X
x
x
x
X
x
X
X
x
X
X
<
X
X
X
x
x
X
Rongelap Island community
107!
10!
107!
10°
10°
10?
10°
107!
10!
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
107!
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
10!
10°
1.3
8.3
2.7
2.1
1.3
1.1
1.9
1.8
1.6
2.4
5.9
1.4
1.4
3.4
1.0
7.3
4.6
2.6
1.6
2.2
1.9
1.5
4.2
1.1 x 104
x
x
x
X
x
X
x
x
<
X
x
x
x
X
x
X
X
X
X
X
x
x
X
107!
10!
107!
10?
10°
10?
10°
107!
10!
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
107!
10?
10°
10°
10?
10°
10!
10?
1.1 x 104
Total
1.3 x
8.4 x
2.8 x
2.1 X
1.3 Xx
1.1 Xx
1.9 x
8.8 x
1.6 X
2.5 X
5.9 X
1.4 x
1.4 x
3.4 X
1.0 X
74x
4.7 X
2.6 X
1.6 X
2.2 X
1.9 x
1.5 xX
42x
107!
10!
107!
10°
10°
10°
10°
107!
10!
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
107!
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
10!
10°
1.1 X 104
intakes were obtained as sums of estimated annual
intakes. Results of estimation of cumulative intakes by
Majuro residents, Kwajalein residents, the Utrik community, and the Rongelap Island community are presented
in Table 9. The cumulative intakes of long-lived radionuclides had roughly the same geographic pattern (in
Castle
series
Bravo
1.1
6.2
1.6
6.9
5.3
1.0
2.0
1.1
8.9
2.5
3.6
9.9
1.0
4.4
6.1
3.1
3.2
5.7
6.7
1.2
2.7
1.2
4.8
x
X
x
xX
X
x
x
x
x
X
X
x
x
x
x
x
X
X
x
x
x
X
x
10°
10°
10°
104
10°
10°
10*
10°
10!
10°
10°
10°
10*
104
10°
10°
107
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
104
1.1
6.2
1.6
6.9
5.3
1.0
2.0
1.1
9.0
2.5
3.6
9.9
1.0
4.4
6.1
3.2
3.2
5.8
6.7
1.2
2.7
1.2
4.8
1.3 x 10°
x
X
x
X
x
x
x
x
x
X
X
x
x
x
X
x
X
X
X
x
x
X
x
Total
10°
107
10°
104
10°
10°
10*
10°
10!
10°
10°
10°
10*
10*
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
10°
10*
1.3 x 10°
1.1
6.3
1.6
6.9
5.3
1.0
2.0
5.1
9.1
2.5
3.7
9.9
1.0
4.4
6.1
3.2
3.2
5.9
6.7
1.2
2.7
1.2
4.8
x 10°
X 10°
X 10°
x 10°
x 10°
x 10°
x 10*
x 10°
xX 10!
X 10°
X 10°
x 10°
x 104
x 104
X 10°
x 10°
X10
X 10°
X 10°
x 10°
x 10°
X 10°
x 10*
1.3 x 10°
chronic intakes were muchgreater than the acute intakes
of the same radionuclides. This phenomenonis a result of
the relatively long residence times of certain radionculides in the environment. For example, at Majuro, the
acute intake of *’Sr by adults from all tests was 0.022
kBg (Table 8) compared to the chronic intake of 0.081
kBg (Table 9), indicating chronic intake was close to four
terms of relative intakes between atolls) as for the acute
times greater. Even more indicative of differences in
intake according to the modeof intake wasthe difference
intakes. For example, adults on Majuro would have had
about 3% and 2% of the chronic '’’Cs intakes of those
for '°’Cs. At Majuro, the acute intake of '°’Cs by adults
experienced by Utrik and Rongelap community mem-
from all tests was 0.064 kBq compared to the chronic
intake of 18 kBq, indicating chronic intake was more
than 280 times greater than the acute intake. In the case
bers, respectively.
While the geographic pattern of chronic uptakes
among atolls was similar to that for acute intakes, the
Table 9. Estimated cumulative chronic intakes (kKBq) of the long-lived radionuclides considered in this study by
representative adults of four population groups from the Bravotest (1 March 1954), the Castle (1954)series that includes
the Bravo test, and over all tests considered. All values rounded to twosignificant digits.
Majuro residents
Kwajalein residents
Utrik community
Rongelap Island
community
Radionuclide
Bravo
test
Castle
series
Total
overall
tests
Bravo
test
Castle
series
Total
overall
tests
Bravo
test
Castle
series
Total
overall
tests
Bravo
test
Castle
series
Total
overall
tests
Re
Co
7
Str
BIC
4.2
0.50
27
0.015
3.3
20
2.3
120
0.068
16
23
2.7
150
0.081
18
2.1
0.26
14
0.0075
1.7
26
3.1
170
0.092
21
40
4.9
250
0.14
31
1,600
46
4,300
0.94
460
1,800
53
5,100
1.2
620
1,900
55
5,300
1.3
640
1,900
32
230
3.9
540
2,300
38
280
5.8
1,020
2,300
42
490
5.9
1,040