Based on this and other assumptions, admissible theoretical calculations can be made as to the potential number of genetic mutations, of cases of leukemia, etc. that couic result from fallout. This linear concept leads axiomatically to the situation where there is no sharp dividing line below which there is complete safety and above which there is a serious hazard, Radiation protection guides, therefore, must be derived on some other bases, as noted next. Thirdly, there has been some misinterpretation of the radiation protection guides. The use of the linear concept leaves little choice for deriving radiation protection guides, i.e., -- there must be a balancing of the "benefits" anticipated from any atomic energy program, normal whether it be for/peacetime / (radiation exposure). operations or national defense, against the "risks" Obviously, this is an exceedingly complex and, in part, subjective process. In spite of these difficulties this balancing of benefits from normal peacetime operations against risks has been performed by the Federal Radiation Council (FRC) resulting in their recommending radiation , 10a. protection guides for this purpose. Ina letter of August 17, 1962 to the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, Congress of the United States, the FRC clarified further their published Guides: " . . . the Guides were originally developed for appli- cation as guidelines for the protection of radiation workers and the general public against exposures which might result during 'normal peacetime operations’ in connection with the industrial use of ionizing radiation . .. the term ‘normal peacetime operations’ referred specifically to the peaceful