METHODS

Body~Burden Data and Urine Activity Concentrations

Adult average body-burden data and urine activity concentration data were
used as input quantities to equations which related them to activity intake
rates.

These input data were obtained from Conard's medical reports (Co56, 58,

59, 60, 62, 63, 67, 70, 75 and Wo59) and from recent surveys performed by men-

bers of the Safety and Environmental Protection Division of Brookhaven National
Laboratory.

The methods used to obtain the recent body-burden data were

presented by Miltenberger (Mi80).

The most recent average data obtained for.

adult body burden at Rongelap and Utirik are presented here.

These data were

obtained in April 1978, August 1979 and August 1981.
In the cases of 1376,, 600, and 652, direct body~-burden measurements were

made.

In the cases of 905. and 239 py urine activity concentrations were

measured and then converted to body-burden estimates.

This was done by relating

the activity in urine to the activity in the total body.

For 905, and 2395,

this involved use of derived quantities which are developed in the next section.
Derived Quantities

An equation was developed to relate the activity in the urine or whole
body to the activity taken in by ingestion of contaminated food and fluids.

In

order to select an appropriate model for this relationship, the body-burden history and the history of activity in vegetation and soil were examined.

Activity

concentrations of 13765, 129, and 90, in surface soil on Rongelap and Utirik
Atolls were observed to decline with time at a rate greater than radioactive
decay from 1954 to the present (Ne77, Ne79, Br82).
137

Cs and

90

Activity concentrations of

Sr in vegetation were observed to decline at a rate greater than

that predicted by radioactive decay alone (Ne77, Ne79).

Body burdens and urine

Select target paragraph3