oy
woe
'
a.
tee we ;MEL eee
ao
Me
wee
fe emt. hr ee
Se amie oan he oe
E. T.
L ESSARD et al.
bited by the Bikinians during their residence
interval (Gr79).
Fluctuations in an individual’s urine
activity concentration will have significant
impact on the daily activity ingestion rate
determined by this method. A low urine
activity concentration will cause the daily
activity ingestion rate to have a negative
value. This implies that the body burden
alone without activity production should be
eliminated through the urine pathway at a
higher concentration than ts measured. The
true value for the daily activity ingestion rate
for an individual may be estimated with
greater accuracy by collecting sequential
single void urine samples and averaging. An
example of fluctuation in sequential urine
activity concentrations for "Cs and “K are
presented tn Table 3. An estimate of the true
value for the daily activity ingestion rate fora
population can be obtained by using the mean
value for body burden and urine activity
concentration for a group of similar individuals as done in Tables | and 2.
[In summary, the equations presented here
provide a simple technique to determine the
daily ingestion rate of an individual exposed
to a constant continuous uptake of radioactive material from direct measurement of the
body burden and excretion rate. Once the
daily ingestion rate ts calculated, it can be
used to verify the accuracy of dietary
pathway principles. These equations can be
applied to any radionuclide whose biological
and physical removal mechanisms are linear
first order processes.
REFERENCES
Con75_
Conard R.A.., et al.. 1975, A Twenty-Year
Review of Medical Findings in a Marshallese
183
Population Accidently Exposed to Radioactive
Fallout”. BNL $0424.
Coh77 Cohn S., 1979, Personal communication.
Gr79
Greenhouse N. A.. Miltenberger R. P. and
Lessard E. T.. 1979, “Dosimetric Results for the
Bikint Population.” Health Phys.
ICRPS9 International Commission of Radiological
Protection. 1959, ICRP Publication 2. (New
York: Pergamon Press).
ICRP65
[nternational Commission on Radtolo-
(New
ICRP68
gical
(New
ICRP7!
gical
(New
ICRP75
York: Pergamon Press).
[nternational Commission on RadioloProtection 1965, [CRP Publication 10,
York: Pergamon Press).
International Commission on RadioloProtection 1971. ICRP Publication 10A
York: Pergamon Press).
[nternational Commission of Radiologi-
gical Protection,
1963, [CRP Publicution 9
cal Protection, 1975, “Report of the Task Group
on Reference Man", ICRP Publication (New
York: Pergamon Press).
Jo64
Johnson R. E. and Kiokemeister F. L..
Mi79_
Miltenberger R. P.. Greenhouse N. A. and
1964, Calculus with Analvtical Geometry, Allyn
& Bacon. (Boston).
Lessard E. T., 1979. “Whole Body Counting
Results from 1974 to 1979 for Bikini Island
Residents”. Health Phys. HP 2355.
MuS4 Murai M., 1954, “Nutrition Study in
Micronesia’, Res. Bull 27.
NCRP77 Nationai Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement. 1977. “Cesium-137 from
the Environment to Man: Metabolism and Dose”
(Washington DC: NCRP).
No77 Noshkin V. E., Robison W. L.. Wong K.
M. and Eagle R. L.. 1977, “Evaluation of the
Radiological Quality of the Water on Bikini and
Eneu Istands: Dose Assessment Based on Initial
Sampling”, UCRL-51879 Part 3.
Ro77 Robison W. L.. Philips W. A. and Colsher
C. S., 1977, “Dose Assessment at Bikini Atoll’,
UCRL-5189 Part 5.