Testing and -Fallout

After the Mike shot of November 1952, the major problem facing the
Commission and its scientists was the development of a deliverable

thermonuclear weapon. The Upshot-Knothole series of the spring of 1953
included

an

open

shot

for

reporters

and

civil defense

officials,

military effects shots, and troop manuvers (the Army was now camletely
responsible for the radiological safety of its soldiers). The drive for
a deliverable thermonuclear weapon, however, dominated the series.

To

accommodate Los Alamos' need for crucial experiments and precise data,
the test group decided to permit camparatively larger explosions than

were usually fired at Nevada. The group decided to fire shots from
300-foot towers.

The test group, which anticipated fallout beyond the

test

confident

site,

was

that

its

would protect local commities.7°

radiological

safety

procedures

|

The Commission had learned that fallout from one of the Ranger
shots had come down in measurable amounts in a radioactive snowstormin
Rochester, New York in 1951.

Since then the Cammission had worked hard

to improve fallout prediction by installing an expanded radiation moni-~
toring network around the test site.

The system seemed to work weil

enough for the first six Upshot-Knothole shots,

inhabited areas to small or negligible amounts.

limiting fallout in

But fallout from che

seventh shot, called Simon, drifted across local highways and forced the
Commission to set up road blocks and to wash down cars contaminated with
the fallout.

The ninth shot, Harry, sent a fallout cloud over loca.

hichways and toward St. George, Utah.

The Commission had to wasn cars

again and had to ask St. George residents to take cover until the cicus
had passed.

The incicents caused local concern and resulted in tw =zLs

Select target paragraph3