79 INTERNAL DEPOSITION OF RADIONUCLIDES detonation was about + uc. The distribution of activity in the individual tissues is shown in Table 5.8. Over 90 percent of the beta activity was localized in the skeleton. The highest activity in a soft tissue was found in the liver, which had, however, less than 0.5 percent of the total body burden. The colon contents had the second highest activity for the soft tissues, about 0.24 percent of the total. The alveolar tissue of the lung had an activity less than 0.02 percent of the total activity in the body. Gross beta and gammaactivity of the chickens at 74 days post detonation was approximately 0.2 yc. The gross activity per body weight of the chicken is approximately the same as that of the pig. The distributionof activity in the tissues of the chicken (Table 5.9) was very similur to that in the pig. Most respiratory radio activity was loculized in the turbinates, as a result of entrapment of the large particles, which could not penetrate to the alveolar tissue. The beta activity in the skeleton of chickens at 160 days dropped to + percent of the value at 24 days post detonation, while in the same period the gumma activity dropped to U.2 percent riod. Radioanalysis of the excreta was performed in the same mannerasthat of the tissue samples, described above. 5.42 Findings and Interpretation Gross Observations. The animals had been free on the islands. Although malnourished, they showed no other evidence of disease. Autopsy of two chickens which died during shipment reverled no pathological findings that could be associated with radiation. On the basis of an assumed 12-hour effective fallout time, the animals from Rongelap received an integrated external dose of 280 to 360 r, depending on the date of their collection (see Table 5.7). The pigs from Utirik received a calculated dose of 32 r at the time of their evacuation. The animals all showed extensive externnl contamination, ranging from 0.5 to 5 mr per hour at 30 days post detonation. This activity was reduced about 75 percent by a washing with water alone. Radioactivity of Tissues and Excreta. The gross beta activity of the pigs at 82 days post Table 5.9.—-Beta and GammaActivity of Chickens From Rongelap (yc x 10°) | HEN #1 HEN #2 Hzn £0 | Hen 06 Hen 5 Hen #7 | HEN #4 Day or Deatee*....| Dar @ Day 23 Day 74 : Day 97 Day 121 Day 138 | Dav 159 DAY ANALYZmD"*....| Day 24 Day 2% Day 79 Day 107 Day 122 Day 40 | Day 159 Beta Gamma; BETA Gamuwa| Tissuz Tibia. ......-...-...-| 7600 3650 8180 4610 Skeleton ... --| Liver... ..22-.22..02- 11030 1g 58800 21 11909 66900 352 veal Crop... ...esee eee ee| cece neeeeeee cone eee eens Gizzard.....2.ceceee| Glezard Teontent)...-/ eee ceeeee 0.0.2.2. Intestine (L) and cece eee cee ee eee cee ee ee 133 1930 12 41 083 0. 43 contents.......-.22-| -2eecceeeee Pancreas... .-...-022-) Spleen... 02... ee -cecceeeeeee eee eee ee lense eee eee eee eee eee 016 = Traches.........-2.2-) Turbimates......---22[ cle ee eee eee cee cece eee wees eee eens eee eee eee eee 0. 24 387 Intestine (S) and comtentS.......-.-.-) -2e-sseeeeee Kidney...-....--.--- ' Lungs (Alveoti).... 198 17 6) 23 ceeeeeee eee Bata eee eee eee eee eee eee 0 6 1 *Calculated using ratio of gamma activity skeicton/tibia. **Day post detonation. 0.63 1.6 1.17 0. 57 Gamma 605 8600 72 Bata Gauwa}) | I 7 — | 50 | | 10.0 | , 40 | -— _ 9.0 4.0 20 19 | 253 3A70* 34 70 _ 2.0 3.0 3.0 Beta 25.5 3120 32 30 aso° 33 a5 «7.8 L4o— 7g o- 6.3 — 10 _ _ Lo 2 10.7 15.3 9.0 2.6 Gamma! 14.2 hao - _ 10.0 45 3.7 7.6 | Bata Gamma | Bata 41.3 31.3 | 0.3 75° 79 42 600 454° We Ws 12.2 14.0 84 9.3 | 10.7 | 6.4 | ~ ~ = - 09 ~ 0.2 - 14.9 5.68 | 124 43 GAMMA 33.2 8.1 437 10.7 117 5° 1a 36 0 4.5 89 0.6 0.3 , Q 80.9 seen ee eceeenee 0.75 06 0.79 16.8 _ «0 — 2 0, 83 _ -