identified, and if the exposed to non-exposed ratio were increased (ex., four non-exposed

participants for every exposed participant), it is doubtful if the statistical power would be
sufficient to enable statistical conclusions to be drawn for any outcome except possibly

thyroid nodules or thyroid deficiency.
5.4.9

Possible Selection Bias

e

Self-selection bias is possible due to voluntary participation in the medical
surveillance program

e

Some persons moved to the larger populated areas (exposed and non-exposed) and
could not be located. To the extent that these persons differ from those not
relocating, (i.e., are healthier, better educated, etc) selection bias may be
introduced.

5.4.10 Pre-existing Health Status of the Marshallese
The general health status of both exposed and non-exposed inhabitants could have

confounded interpretation of epidemiological data. Early surveys of the island community
demonstrated unsanitary conditions with regards to flies, garbage disposal, and excretory
habits, which made for multiple parasitic infestations and diseases in the population prior
to their exposure. After the Bravo detonation, there were numerous serious epidemic
diseases, such as poliomyelitis, influenza, chicken pox, and pertussis. The extent to which

such diverse clinical conditions could have modified the health impact of radiation
exposure, or affected interpretation of radiobiological data is unknown.

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