THE RESPONSE 1954-1992 Following the initial medical evaluation and period of care in 1954, medical teams reexamined the exposed population atintervals of 6, 12 and 24 months post exposure. In 1956 the Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), with the concurrence of the government of | the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands requested BNL to establish a regular, continuing medical examination and treatment program for the exposed Marshallese population. The purpose of the medical surveillance was to documentthe health status of the exposed population, to identify radiologically-related illnesses, and to help provide specialized medical care to this remote, underserved population. Primary care remained the responsibility of the Trust Territory medical departmentfor all Marshallese. 5.1 Follow-Up 1954-1992 5.1.1 Actions In 1954 a program ofat least annual medical team visits to the Marshall Islands was established by BNL. The program involved physicians from many medical institutions in the United States. These physicians provided expertise in several medical specialties to ensure a complete evaluation of the exposed population. Over the years these specialties included internal medicine, radiology, ophthalmology, pediatrics, gastroenterology, cardiology, endocrinology, and others. Medical technologists, nurses, and dentists also participated. A Trust Territory medical officer also participated, when available. In 1972, BNL assigned a physician from its Medical Division to provide greater continuity of medical care. This was discontinued in 1981. Members ofthe original comparison group were selected randomly in 1957 from residents of Majuro Atoll (Majuro). They were individually matched by age and gender with the combined Rongelap and Ailingnae groups. 29 JUL Lodo