lo Nonewas positive for malignantcells. It was noted Table 4 that the secretions were scanty in most of the women,and the smears were consequently somewhatdry. Inflammatory reaction with the presence of blood in the smears was common. Endocervical atypia was noted in a numberofcases. The results of thesé examinations are reported in Appendix 6. Rectal examinations were carried out on all adults, and proctoscopic examinations whenindicated. Several cases of prostatic enlargementwere noted, but no evidence of malignancy was apparent. An ulcerating lesion was noted in a 66-yearold female in the exposed group (No. 30) in the upper rectum. Scrapings from this area indicated that it was an inflammatory lesion and not malignant. Children Examined at at at Rongelap Majuro Kwajalein Total Exposed Exposed in utero Nonexposed (exposed parents) Control Rongelapseries Mayjuroseries Total 22 2 2 0 2 2 26 4+ 19 2 3 24 67 0 8 13 13 0 88 13 110 20 20 155 however, its incidence was higher in the exposed children (although the group wasolder) than in PEDIATRIC EXAMINATIONS During the 1961 survey, 135 children were examined (Table 4). All exposed subjects in the pediatric age group (<(20 years) were seen except for two (No. 67 and No. 76) who had movedto nonexposed Rongelap children of comparable ages. Its incidence was also higher amongthe nonexposed Majuro children, who wereall in the older group. As in 1959, the pattern of physical find- ings seemed unrelated to exposure to radiation. other atolls. The increase in number of nonexposed children of exposed parents represents new babies born since the previous survey. Newbabies also increased the total of nonexposed Rongelap controls, even though a numberof children either became old enough to be transferred to the adult Growth and Development tion. The exposed and nonexposed group at Majuro were all 6 vears of age or older. All non- fallout. For the other children, however, the task studyor were lost to the study because of migra- exposed children of exposed parents were <6 years old. Of the 88 nonexposed Rongelap children, 38 were <6 years of age. The incidence of various physical findingsis summarized in Table 5. Adenopathy was defined for the purposes of this tabulation as the presence of (a) nodes 0.5 cm orlargerin all areas (cervical, axillary, and inguinal), or (b) nodes 1.0 cm or larger in the axillary regions, or (c) nodes 2.0 cm or larger in either the cervical or inguinal areas. The term “active chronic impetigo” includes several types of superficial skin infections. Many of these lesions probably represented secondary in- fections of lacerations and abrasions. The incidences ofotitis media and adenopathy wererelated to age, both being more commonin younger children. Clinically active chronic impetigo was also found moreoften in the younger children, During the past several surveys considerable ef- fort has been expended to establish as firmlyas possible the accuracyof the date of birth for each child. The mec!.cal survey records provided reliabie written daia for children born after March 1954 and for some born immediately before the of determining birth date’ proved to be difficult. frustrating, and unsatisfactory. The reconstruction of the birth chronology was based on an intensive studv and evaluation of very frequently contradictory information derived from the following sources: 1. Dates of birth as reported by parents. 2. Dates of birth as recorded occasionally in the village ledgers used for various purposes. 3. Limited numberof birth certificates on file at the court house on Majuro. 4. Birth order of children within each family unit. 5. Ranking of childhood population in terms of age by parents. 6. Ranking of childhood population in terms of age by children. 7. Correlation with memorable environmental events.

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