J. W. Healy, "Estimation of Plutonium Lung
predicted urinary excretion rate and time, assuming
Burden by Urine Analysis," Amer. Ind. Hyg.
various rates of exponential clearance from a nonsystemic reservoir. t
Assoc. Quart. 18, 261 (1957).
The solid line represents the
S. A. Beach and G. W. Dolphin, "Determinat i:
systemic exposure model (no transfer from the lung)
of Plutonium Body Burdens from Measurements
Daily Urine Excretion," in Assessment of Ra
activity in Man (International Atomic Energ:
which is the basis of the PUQFUA computational
12,13
model.
Even for slow lung clearance times
Agency, Vienna, 1964), Vol. II, p. 603.
(e.g-, 693-day half times), the lung model and the
W. R. Wood, Jr. and W. E. Sheehan, "Evaluat
of the PUQFUA Method of Calculating Systemi
Burdens," Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. J. 32, 58
systemic model both yield similar urinary excretion
values at 104 days, which corresponds to about
27 years following exposure.
(1971).
It is important to
appreciate that these are idealized curves which are
10.
used as the bases for estimating plutonium body
burdens.
closely during employment, urine samples can be obtained only at relatively infrequent times.
11.
(International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna
1964), Vol. II, p. 565.
also true in the case of some UPPU Club members who,
atively few urine samples during the intervening
27 years.
12.
entific Laboratory report LA~2329 (April
1960).
to estimate body burdens for the subjects of this
viduals.
J. N. P. Lawrence, “PUQFUA: An IBM-704
FORTRAN Code for Determining Plutonium Body
Burden from Urine Assays," Los Alamos Sci-
To date, the number of urine samples used
study have ranged from 5 to 125 for different indi-
W. H. Langham, "Physiological Properties of
Plutonium and Assessment of Body Burden in
Man," in Assessment of Radioactivity in Man
This is
although exposed in 1944 or 1945, provided rel-
tion of Excretion Analyses to the Determina
of Body Burden of Radioactive Isotopes," Br
J. Radiol. Suppl. 7, 95 (1957), Part V.
In real life, except for persons with
industrial exposures who sometimes can be followed
W. H. Langham, “Excretion Methods, The Appl
13.
J. N. P. Lawrence, "PUQFUA, An IBM 704 Code
for Computing Plutonium Body Burdens,”
Health Phys. 8, 61 (1962).
REFERENCES
1.
W. Langham and E. R. Russell, "Excretion
Studies,'' in "Report of Conference on Plutonium
-~ May 14th and 15th, 1945," J. J. Nickson, Ed.
(Clinton Laboratory), report CN-3167, p. 27.
2.
E. E. Campbell, M. F. Milligan, W. D. Moss, and
H. F. Schulte, "History of Plutonium Bioassay
Program at LASL, 1944-1972," Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report LA-5008 (September
1972).
3.
E. I. Hamilton, "The Registration of Charged
Particles in Solids:
An Alternative to Auto-
radiography in the Life Sciences," Int. J.
Appl. Radiat. Isotopes 19, 159 (1968).
4.
W. H. Langham, "Determination of Internally
5.
W. H. Langham, S. H. Bassett, P. S. Harris,
Deposited Radioactive Isotopes from Excretion
Analyses," Amer. Ind. Hyg. Assoc. Quart. 17,
305 (1956).
and R. E. Carter, "Distribution and Excretion
of Plutonium Administered Intravenously to
Man," Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory report
LA-1151 (September 1950).
6.
P. W. Durbin, "Plutonium in Man:
A TwentyFive Year Review," University of California
Radiation Laboratory report UCRL-20850 (June
1971).
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