Page Eight

Jonathan Weisgall
January 27, 1982
such as tuna and mackerel, the roof fish inhabit specific niches

in the atoll's lagoon, and the student was studying the interplay

between fish niche and fish community in Pacific atolls.

—,

There are two studies of fish population at Bikini, both of

which are relevant here.

Those studies by Leonard P. Schultz are

titled “The Biology of Bikini Atoll With Special Reference to the
Fishes" (Smithsonian Institution Annual Reports for 1947: 301-16,
Washington, D.C., GPO, 1948) and "Fishes of the Marshall and Mariana
Islands" (U.S. National Museum Bulletin 202, Washington, 0.C., 1953).
In the 1953 study, Schultz states that “In the biological cycling
of materials there is not only an abundance of organisms but also

a wide variety of species--some 700 among

the fishes alone--so that

whatever'is not utilized by one is quickly taken by another." (Quoted
from Jack Tobin's doctoral dissertation, "The Resettlement of the
Enewetak People: A Study of a Displaced Community in the Marshall

Islands," 1967, University of California at Berkeley, page 54.)
While on Utirik between the years 1975 and 1977, I recall that

the islanders regularly ate between 30 and 40 different species of

roof fish. Many of these fish--like the parrotfish--subsist by
eating coral, and it is my guess that certain radionuclides (e.9g.,
strontium-90) probably got recycled in the man-environment foodchain
comptex.

If this hypothesis is correct, the Marshallese are in

trouble::no less. than one-third of all the fish I ate for two years
on Utirik were parrotfish, and many of the others were likewise coraleaters.
In this regard, I direct you to a study of ocosystem contamination
at Bikini and Enewetak by researchers from the fish laboratory at
the University of Washington at Seattle. This study is titled:
“Polonium-210 and plutonium-239, plutonium-240 in the biological and
water samples from the Bikini and Enewetak atolls," and appears in
Nature, volume 255, May 22, 1975, pp. 321-23.

It is rather curious

why the researchers of this study--who were funded by the DOE--

restricted their analysis to only the aforementioned isotopes, while

they completely ignored cesium-137, strontium-90, cobalt-60,
americium-24]1, etc. The authors did mention, however, that "The
overall result indicates that inside the lagoon the radioactivity
values of plutonium were more variable than those of polanium-210

(page 323, emphasis added)."

This statement leads me to suspect

that we are still shooting in the dark when we discuss possibile
radionuclide uptake for the people of Bikini, should they decide to
return home.
"S,

Restrictions on access to Bikini and compliance with

prescribed diet. Your experiences in the Marshall
be useful in this regard."

Islands would

Response: While in the Marshalls early last year as a consultant
for the Marshall Islands Litigation Project, I interviewed several
people from Utirik who recounted their experiences after their

evacuation following the 1954 “Bravo” hydrogen test.

Most of the

people from Utirik told me how they were instructed not to eat the
local foods from Utirik when they returned home after their threemonth evacuation to Kwajalein. The following excerpt from an

a

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