This session reports on four important aspects of some of these problems. The first paper relates to the familiar problems of urban traffic systems. The second paper re- Measuring Group Achievement in Education (27 Dec.) Arranged by Jack Merwin (Exploratory Committee on ports on a student project where instructional values were obtained from requiring students to design a completely new town in Boston harbor and to estimate the fiscal and engineering feasibility of its construction. The interesting keyword was “flexibility,” in that it was a required ingre- Assessing the Progress of Education, Minneapolis). Achievement tests are developed to obtain reliable differences in levels of achievement of individuals. Summaries of scores for individuals from these tests have been, and likely will continue to be, one approach to measur- dient of the plan. The third paper develops a management ing group achievement in education. information system designed better to serve the city administrator’s decision needs, Finally, the fourth paper addresses the crucial question of the role of the behavioral sciences in indicating preferred solutions to city problems—problems in which the human factor is so dominant. W. Edward Cushen, Leslie C. Edie, Siegfried M. Breun- In recent years there has been recognition of the need to broaden our approach to group measurement. Three notable projects aimed at developing new procedures for measuring group achievement, one nationwide and two statewide, will be presented and discussed. Lloyd N. Morrisett, Ralph W. Tyler, Jefferson Eastman, ing, David B. Hertz, Carter Bales, and Rosedith Sitgreaves. Paul Campbell, and J. Myron Atkin. Applications of Operations Research to Very Big Systems (28 Dec.) Relationship Between Basic and Applied Sciences Implication for Research and Development in Arranged by Ellis A. Johnson (American University, Washington, D.C.). This session concerns itself with the many complex problems associated with the growing difficulties of nurturing new areas of operations research involving the organizational behavior of very large systems. In systems involving the creative roles of many large future-applied aspects of the social sciences, there is greater need for development and use of many large hybrid systems. Deliberate creativity is required but multiple goals and objectives tend to be unpopular as well as difficult. This session seeks ways of solving the problem. Ellis A. Johnson, and Joseph Becker. W. L. Whitson, Russell L. Ackoff, EDUCATION (Q) International Science Education (26 Dec.) Arranged by Arthur Livermore (AAAS). Dr. James DeRose, a consultant to the Science Teaching Center of the University of the Philippines, will report on the activities of the center in developing new science programs for elementary and secondary schools. Dr. Laurence E. Strong, formerly director of the UNESCO Pilot Project for Chemistry Teaching in Asia, will discuss the program that is being developed at Chulalonkorn Untversity in Bangkok. Dr. Arthur Roe, Head of the Office of International Science Activities of NSF, will report on the summer institutes that have been held for the past four years in India. A view of international science education as seen from the vantage point of the Division of Science Teaching of the Department for the Advancement of Science of UNESCO will be given by Dr. Albert V. Baez. Dr. Baez has recently retired as Director of the Division of Science Teaching, a post which he held for 6 years. Education (28 Dec.) Arranged by J. Myron Atkin (University of Illinois, Urbana). Mission-oriented agencies in education have the responsibility of improving school practices as rapidly as possible. At the same time, all those concerned with improvement of education must assure the existence of a scholarly and research base for innovations in the future. It is difficult to determine with certainty which research will have the most profound effect on practice. There may be similarities between this broad problem and the basic/applied relationship in science, and the possible comparability will be examined in the symposium. Interrelations among federal agencies, universities, professional associations, regional laboratories, and industry as they affect research policy will also be discussed. The recent availability of relatively large-scale funds for educational research and development activities requires examination of basic assumptions related to the most effective use of the public investment in education. J. Myron Atkin, R. Louis Bright, and Richard Dershimer. Toward an Integrated Mathematics-Science Curriculum in the Public Schools (29 Dec.) Arranged by H. P. Bradley (Educational Development Center, Newton, Mass.). The symposium will be a report of a conference held in Boston from 21 August to 8 September 1967, to discuss the interface between science and mathematics as taught in our schools and to propose changes which might lead to a better coordinated syllabus. Andrew M. Gleason, Earle Lomon, A. S. Flexer, and Edward Begle. Undergraduate Education in Biology (29 Dec.) This symposium will consider the dual education reBenchmarks for Science Education (27 Dec.) Arranged by F. B. Dutton (Michigan State University). F. B. Dutton, J. Darrell Barnard, Lee S. Shulman and H. A. Smith, 8 DECEMBER 1967 sponsibilities of biology departments: courses and curricula for biology majors, and courses and programs for non- science students. The morning session will be devoted to a consideration of curricula for majors and a discassion of attempts to 1363