The Role of the Tropics in the General Circulation of
the Atmosphere (29 Dec.)
Arranged by Henry M. E. van de Boogaard and Edward
D. Zipser (National
Boulder, Colorado).

Center for Atmospheric

Research,

Postwar developments in meteorology have depended in

large part on the electronic computer. Computer studies
have led to better physical understanding of temperatelatitude atmospheric circulations and to dynamic modeling
which has made numerical weather prediction possible for
these latitudes.
Until now meteorological research in the tropics has not
benefitted a great deal from these developments, largely

because of the lack of sufficient observations to diagnose
the far more complex structure of the tropical atmosphere.
The tropics constitute a great heat engine which is partly

J. M. Campbell, Transportation.
F. D. Rosi, Compiunications.
Fred Leonard, Rehabilitation and Biomedicine.

Self-Assembly of Matter (29 Dec.)
Arranged by Sidney W. Fox (University of Miami).
The program on Self-Assembly of Matter is concerned
with the ways in which matter, especially biological matter,
tends to organize itself structurally. Some of the most
striking examples of this tendency are found at the level
of protein molecules and of models of primitive cells.
Are such tendencies discernible at more fundamental chemical and physical levels?
Sidney W. Fox, Victor Weisskopf, William N. Lipscomb,

Lester J. Reed, and Angus Wood.

responsible for driving the global atmosphere. Much of the
solar heat received by the tropical ocean and land surfaces
is released to the lower layers of the atmosphere by contact,

ASTRONOMY(D)

evaporation and radiation. This heat is then further trans-

Plasma Astrophysics (27 Dec.)

of releasing its accumulated energy.

Arranged by Russell Kulsrud (Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton University).
The subject of plasma astrophysics comprises those areas
of astrophysics in which a thorough knowledge of plasma
effects is needed for understanding and interpretation.
Such areas are the mechanism for cosmic and solar radio
emission; the origin and behavior of cosmic rays, and the
effect they play on structure of the galaxy; the influence
of the supernovae and H-II regions on the latter; solar

ported to the higher layers of the tropical atmosphere by
means of cumulus cloud convection, and also by radiation.
In turn, this accumulated energy is gradually transported
poleward and transformed into kinetic energy, experienced
in the form of wind or air currents.
Highly organized and intense tropical cumulus cloud
development sometimes leads to development of tropical
storms and hurricanes. These in essence are safety valves
which provide the tropical atmosphere with another method
The locations of these regions of organized cumulus convection are essential data for tropical weather analysis. The
recent synchronous ATS-1 (Applications Technology Satellite) satellite with its cloud camera has shown the way for

ultimate instantaneous global cloud observations.
New technology such as the ATS-1 has encouraged
scientists to have another look at the tropics. Future research programs, like the recently completed Line Islands
Experiment, will provide a much more complete understanding of the behavior of the tropical atmosphere.

Louis J. Battan, Henry M. E. van de Boogaard, Ed-

ward D. Zipser, Robert H. Simpson, Joanne Simpson,
Tetsuja Fujita, and Dorothy L, Bradbury.

CHEMISTRY (C)
Present State of the Art (27 Dec.)
Arranged by H. F. Mark (Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn) and 8S. M. Atlas (Bronx Community College).
James E. McEvoy, Catalysis: Present State of the Art.
David Harker, X-ray Crystallography as a Chemical
Discipline.

Sir Robert Robinson, Recollections of Sixty Years of

Organic Chemical Research.

H. F. Mark, Synthesis and Uses of Organic Polymers,

Chemistry and Urban Problems (29 Dec.)
Arranged by H. F. Mark (Polytechnic Institute of Brook-

lyn)

and S. M. Atlas

8 DECEMBER 1967

(Bronx Community College).

activity and the resulting solar wind with its terrestrial

interaction producing storms; and many other areas of
astrophysics. In recent years, there has been a growing
appreciation of the fundamental importance of the newer

developments in plasma physics in understanding these
phenomena and a new subject of plasma astrophysics is
growing up and attracting both astronomers and plasma
physicists. It seems appropriate at this time to have a symposium in which experts in a variety of subjects in this
field review these subjects. For this reason, the symposium
consists of a number of somewhat unrelated topics to
illustrate the broad scope of the subject.
Bruno Coppi, A. J. Dessler, Derek Tidmann, Russell
Kuisrud, Barry Lasker, and Eugene Parker.
Structure and Evolution of our Universe (28 Dec.)
Arranged by Hong-Yee Chiu (Goddard Institute for
Space Studies and State University of New York at
Stony Brook).

In this symposium, the
be reviewed by experts
cosmological theories as
man, with emphasis on

current status of cosmology will
in this field. Chiu will review
originally formulated by Friedobservational properties of the

Universe. Thorne will discuss some new ideas in cosmologi-

cal theories, including anisotropic models. Wilkinson will
* ' discuss radio observations of the Universe, including some
new results obtained recently on the 3°K black body radiation.

Kristian will summarize

astronomical

observations

dealing with the gross structure of the Universe.

Hong-Yee Chiu, Kip S. Thorne, David T. Wilkinson,
and Jerome Kristian.
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