Country of Origin: United States Country of Publication: United States Abstract: Using microbes to degrade fuels in contaminated soils is becoming increasingly more attractive as an approach to environmental restoration. Removing contamination by traditional methods is costly, does not always eliminate the problem, and often just moves ik somewhere else. Biodegradation of contaminants can often be accomplished in situ, resulting in the actual destruction of the contaminants by microbial conversion to harmless by-products. , Bioremediation is not applicable to all forms of environmental contamination but has been demonstrated to be particularly effective on petroleum hydrocarbon based fuels. Bioremediation can offer a cost-effective means for site cleanup, particularly where challenging logistical considerations have to be factored into cleanup projects. Logistical considerations have made bioremediation the method of choice for the decontamination of fuel-containing soils on Kwajalein Island, Republic of the Marshall Islands. Kwajalein is located more than 2,100 miles west of Hawaii in the southernmost part of the North Pacific. The site of a major missile range of the Strategic Defense Command (SDC), Kwajalein has been the center of US defense activities for almost 50 years. The island is part of a typical coral atoll and is only 2.5 miles long and 0.5 miles wide. Mission-related activities over the past 5 decades have resulted in about 10% of the island being contaminated with diesel, gasoline, and jet fuels. SDC has executed an agreement with the Department of Energy for the Hazardous Waste Remedial Actions Program (HAZWRAP), a division of Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., to assist the US Army Kwajalein Atoll (USAKA) in the management of the Base restoration activities on Kwajalein Atoll. HAZWRAP initiated sampling and feasibility studies to determine whether bioremediation was a viable choice for site cleanup at USAKA. Major Descriptors: *HYDROCARBONS -- BIODEGRADATION; *MARSHALL ISLANDS -LAND POLLUTION; *SOILS -- DECONTAMINATION Descriptors: DIESEL FUELS; GASOLINE; JET ENGINE FUELS; MICROORGANISMS; REMEDIAL ACTION; SAMPLING Broader Terms: CHEMICAL REACTIONS; CLEANING; DECOMPOSITION; DISTILLATES; ENERGY SOURCES; FOSSIL FUELS; FUELS; GAS OILS; ISLANDS; LIQUID FUELS; MICRONESIA; OCEANIA; ORGANIC COMPOUNDS; PETROLEUM; PETROLEUM DISTILLATES; PETROLEUM FRACTIONS; PETROLEUM PRODUCTS; POLLUTION Subject Categories: 020900* -- Petroleum -- Environmental Aspects 540220 -- Environment, Terrestrial -- Chemicals Monitoring & Transport -- (1990-) 560300 -- Chemicals Metabolism & Toxicology INIS Subject Categories: C5612* -- Environmental aspects of petroleum -(1992-) B3150 -- Land -- Chemical effluents--monitoring & transport -~ (1992-) C5230 -- Environmental aspects of chemical & thermal effluent from existing nuclear installations (Item 21 from file: 103) JPN-92-008332; EDB-92-154413 Title: Annual report of National Institute of Radiological Sciences of the fiscal year 1990 Corporate Source: National Inst. of Radiological Sciences, Chiba (Japan) (Code: 4485000) Publication Date: Report Number(s): Jan 1992 NIRS-AR-34 (266 p) Order Number: DE93704237 Document Type: Report; Progress Report Language: In Japanese Journal Announcement: EDB9220 Availability: OSTI; NTIS; INIS Distribution: (Report):9 (MF):F MN-000 9003668 10/5/321 03391656 ¥ Subfile: ERA (Energy Research Abstracts); ETD (Energy Technology Data Exchange); NTS (NTIS). JPN (Japan (sent to DOE from) ) US DOE Project/NonDOE Project: NP Country of Origin: Japan