1. INTRODUCTION Bikini Atoll was a site for atmospheric tests 1946 to 1958. The population of 166 Bikinians March, 1946, first to Rongerik Atoll, then to 1948, the Bikini people moved to Kili Island. of nuclear devices from was moved from the Atoll in Kwajalein Atoll; in November, The land area at Kili is about one-tenth that at Bikini Atoll and there is no lagoon. Therefore, access to Kili is difficult, often impossible, and seafoods are scarce. The results of a radiological resurvey of Bikini in 1964 by the University of Washington's Laboratory of Radiation Biology indicated that Bikini might be radiologically safe for permanent habitation (Welander, 1967; Welander et al., 1967). A request from the High Commissioner of the Trust Territories of the Pacific to the Atomic Energy Commission in 1966 to rehabilitate Bikini resulted in an extensive survey of the Atoll in the spring of 1967. This survey emphasized external radiation measurements, including in situ gamma-ray spectrometry, although some food items were collected to supplement data from the 1964 survey. The 1967 survey party included personnel from the Atomic Energy Commission's Health and Safety Laboratory, the Division of Biology and Medicine, the U.S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory, the Trust Territory, and the University of Washington. The data were summarized by DBM and were presented to a panel of experts assembled by DBM for evaluation of potential radiological hazards. Most of the participants in the 1967 survey attended the presentation to provide details not included in the summary. The panel concluded that Bikini could be safely reoccupied, but recommended some restrictions and suggested things to be done to rehabilitate the Atoll. These include reduction of coconut crab population, because of high content of 2%Sr, and covering the village area at Bikini Island with coral gravel from the beaches, which is consistent with local custom and provides a shield against radiation from the soil. The panel also recommended that old structures and other such debris from the tests be removed from the islands and beaches and that the Island be further monitored during the cleanup. Additional monitoring was necessary because dense vegetation on Bikini and Eneu Islets, especially, made it impractical to survey more than a few transects across the islands in 1967. The panel's recommendations were made to the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, who informed the Secretary of the Interior, the administrator for the Trust Territory of the Pacific. The clean-up phase of the rehabilitation of Bikini Atoll was begun in February, 1969, by Joint Task Force Eight. The AEC Nevada Operations Office was responsible for certification of the clean-up portion of the rehabilitation program, which was carried out under guidelines approved by the AEC Division of Operational Safety. At the request of NVOO, the Environmental